Order the steps for completing a blood transfusion.
Ensure MDHCP has discussed risks and benefits of blood transfusion.
Obtain cross match and send it to blood bank.
Initiate transfusion through a large gauge IV per hospital protocol.
Educate patient on signs and symptoms of transfusion reaction.
Gain blood from bank, confirm correct patient, correct product, correct cross match with 2 RNs.
Continue to monitor patient for transfusion reaction for 24 hours following transfusion.
The Correct Answer is A,D,B,E,C,F,G,H,I
- Ensure MDHCP has discussed risks and benefits of blood transfusion. (a)
- Educate patient on signs and symptoms of transfusion reaction. (d)
- Obtain cross match and send it to blood bank. (b)
- Gain blood from bank, confirm correct patient, correct product, correct cross match with 2 RNs. (e)
- Initiate transfusion through a large gauge IV per hospital protocol. (c)
- Start transfusion slowly for the first 15 minutes and stay with patient for the first 15 minutes. (f)
- Increase rate of transfusion and monitor patient frequently. (g)
- Ensure transfusion is complete within 4 hours of starting. (h)
- Continue to monitor patient for transfusion reaction for 24 hours following transfusion. (i)
Rationale:
- Ensure MDHCP has discussed risks and benefits of blood transfusion: It's essential that the healthcare provider discusses with the patient the potential risks and benefits of receiving a blood transfusion. This step is crucial for informed consent.
- Educate patient on signs and symptoms of transfusion reaction: Before starting the transfusion, the patient should be educated on what signs and symptoms to watch out for that might indicate an adverse reaction, such as fever, chills, hives, or shortness of breath.
- Obtain cross match and send it to blood bank: A blood sample is taken from the patient to determine their blood type and to perform a crossmatch, which ensures that the donor blood is compatible with the patient's blood.
- Gain blood from bank, confirm correct patient, correct product, correct cross match with 2 RNs: Once the blood is ready, two registered nurses (RNs) will verify the patient's identity, the blood product, and the crossmatch results to ensure everything is correct before proceeding.
- Initiate transfusion through a large gauge IV per hospital protocol: The blood transfusion is started using a large gauge intravenous (IV) line, as per hospital protocols to ensure proper flow and reduce complications.
- Start transfusion slowly for the first 15 minutes and stay with patient for the first 15 minutes: The transfusion is started at a slow rate to monitor for any immediate adverse reactions. The healthcare provider stays with the patient during this time to closely observe them.
- Increase rate of transfusion and monitor patient frequently: If no adverse reactions are noted in the first 15 minutes, the rate of transfusion can be increased. The patient is monitored frequently throughout the transfusion for any signs of a reaction.
- Ensure transfusion is complete within 4 hours of starting: Blood products should be transfused within 4 hours to minimize the risk of bacterial growth and to ensure the effectiveness of the transfusion.
- Continue to monitor patient for transfusion reaction for 24 hours following transfusion: After the transfusion is complete, the patient is monitored for at least 24 hours for any delayed transfusion reactions, such as fever, allergic reactions, or other complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Quad coughing is a technique used to help patients with spinal cord injuries improve their coughing ability, but it does not directly prevent autonomic dysreflexia. While it is beneficial for respiratory health, it is not the primary intervention for preventing autonomic dysreflexia.
Choice B reason: Assisting to plan a prescribed bowel program is crucial in preventing autonomic dysreflexia. Bowel impaction is a common trigger for autonomic dysreflexia, and a regular bowel program helps to prevent constipation and ensure regular bowel movements, reducing the risk of this complication.
Choice C reason: Supporting the selection of a high-protein diet is important for overall health and nutrition, but it does not directly prevent autonomic dysreflexia. While proper nutrition is essential for patients with spinal cord injuries, it is not the primary intervention for preventing autonomic dysreflexia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because the combination of heparin and warfarin does not dissolve the blood clot faster. Instead, these medications have different mechanisms of action. Heparin works quickly to prevent further clot formation, while warfarin takes several days to reach therapeutic levels and maintain anticoagulation over the long term.
Choice B reason: While the risk of a blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism) is a concern, the necessity of using both heparin and warfarin is not because of the need for multiple blood thinners but rather due to their complementary pharmacokinetics. Heparin provides immediate anticoagulation, whereas warfarin requires time to become effective.
Choice C reason: This statement is also incorrect. Heparin does not dissolve clots but works to prevent the extension of existing clots and the formation of new ones. Warfarin, likewise, does not dissolve clots but prevents further clot formation by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Choice D reason: This is the accurate response. Heparin works immediately, providing rapid anticoagulation, which is essential for acute management of venous thromboembolism. On the other hand, warfarin takes several days to achieve its anticoagulant effect because it works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Therefore, the patient is initially placed on heparin to provide immediate protection against clotting while warfarin is started simultaneously. Once warfarin reaches a therapeutic level, heparin can be discontinued, and warfarin can maintain long-term anticoagulation.
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