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Identify all the ways that infections are spread? (Select all that apply)

(Select All that Apply.)

Inhalation of an infectious pathogen

Ingestion of an infectious pathogen

Contact with infected body fluids

A bite by an infected "tiny animal"

Transmission of a defective gene from parent to child

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Inhalation of an infectious pathogen

Respiratory droplets or airborne pathogens (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis) can be inhaled and cause infection.

B. Ingestion of an infectious pathogen

Infections like salmonella or norovirus are spread through contaminated food or water.

C. Contact with infected body fluids

Bloodborne pathogens like HIV and hepatitis B/C are spread via contact with infected fluids.

D. A bite by an infected "tiny animal"

Vector-borne transmission includes diseases spread by animals like mosquitoes (e.g., malaria, dengue) or ticks (e.g., Lyme disease).

E. Transmission of a defective gene from parent to child

This describes a genetic disorder, not an infectious disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This fever could cause a seizure:

Febrile seizures are typically associated with temperatures >102°F, especially when rising rapidly.

B. A low-grade temperature can decrease multiplication of pathogens:

A mild fever is a normal immune response that creates an environment less favorable for pathogens to multiply and can enhance immune activity.

C. The child should be taking fever reducing medicine:

Antipyretics may not be necessary for a low-grade fever unless the child is uncomfortable.

D. This is serious, they need to see the doctor right away:

A temperature of 100.3°F is considered low-grade and generally not serious in an otherwise healthy child.

A. Specific immunity: B cells, T cells B. Mechanical barriers: skin, mucous membrane C. Chemical barriers: tears, saliva, stomach acid, B cells, T cells D. First line of defense: skin, mucous membrane, tears, sneezing

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Specific immunity: B cells, T cells:

B cells and T cells are part of the adaptive (specific) immune system.

B. Mechanical barriers: skin, mucous membrane:

These are physical defenses against infection.

C. Chemical barriers: tears, saliva, stomach acid, B cells, T cells:

Tears, saliva, and stomach acid are chemical barriers. B cells and T cells are not chemical barriers; they are components of specific immunity.

D. First line of defense: skin, mucous membrane, tears, sneezing:

These are all part of the body's innate first-line defenses.

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Identify all the ways that infections are spread? (Select all that apply)

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