Identify all the ways that infections are spread? (Select all that apply)
(Select All that Apply.)
Inhalation of an infectious pathogen
Ingestion of an infectious pathogen
Contact with infected body fluids
A bite by an infected "tiny animal"
Transmission of a defective gene from parent to child
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
A. Inhalation of an infectious pathogen
Respiratory droplets or airborne pathogens (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis) can be inhaled and cause infection.
B. Ingestion of an infectious pathogen
Infections like salmonella or norovirus are spread through contaminated food or water.
C. Contact with infected body fluids
Bloodborne pathogens like HIV and hepatitis B/C are spread via contact with infected fluids.
D. A bite by an infected "tiny animal"
Vector-borne transmission includes diseases spread by animals like mosquitoes (e.g., malaria, dengue) or ticks (e.g., Lyme disease).
E. Transmission of a defective gene from parent to child
This describes a genetic disorder, not an infectious disease.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Secretes splenic hormones that control the lymphoid system
The spleen does not secrete hormones; it filters blood, stores platelets, and helps in immune response.
B. Is avascular (no blood supply)
The spleen is highly vascular, receiving blood from the splenic artery and returning it via the splenic vein.
C. Removes worn out blood cells from circulation
One of the primary functions of the spleen is to filter blood and remove old or damaged RBCs.
D. Is in the RUQ
The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Infections:
Infections in older adults are often due to immune suppression, not directly from autoantibodies.
B. Cancer:
While aging does increase cancer risk, autoantibodies do not directly cause cancer.
C. Allergic reaction:
Allergies involve hypersensitivity reactions to external antigens, not the body's own cells.
D. Autoimmune disease:
Autoantibodies target the body's own tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, which are more common in older adults.
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