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Identify all the ways that infections are spread? (Select all that apply)

(Select All that Apply.)

Inhalation of an infectious pathogen

Ingestion of an infectious pathogen

Contact with infected body fluids

A bite by an infected "tiny animal"

Transmission of a defective gene from parent to child

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Inhalation of an infectious pathogen

Respiratory droplets or airborne pathogens (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis) can be inhaled and cause infection.

B. Ingestion of an infectious pathogen

Infections like salmonella or norovirus are spread through contaminated food or water.

C. Contact with infected body fluids

Bloodborne pathogens like HIV and hepatitis B/C are spread via contact with infected fluids.

D. A bite by an infected "tiny animal"

Vector-borne transmission includes diseases spread by animals like mosquitoes (e.g., malaria, dengue) or ticks (e.g., Lyme disease).

E. Transmission of a defective gene from parent to child

This describes a genetic disorder, not an infectious disease.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Allergic reaction:

Allergic reactions are typically associated with overactive immune responses, not decreased T and B cell function.

B. Increase in antibodies:

Antibody production actually declines with age due to reduced B cell function.

C. Cancer:

Decreased immune surveillance can contribute to cancer risk, but the most direct consequence of T and B cell decline is susceptibility to infections.

D. Infections:

Reduced activity of T and B cells impairs the immune response, making older adults more prone to infections.

A. Infections B. Cancer C. Allergic reaction D. Autoimmune disease

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Infections:

Infections in older adults are often due to immune suppression, not directly from autoantibodies.

B. Cancer:

While aging does increase cancer risk, autoantibodies do not directly cause cancer.

C. Allergic reaction:

Allergies involve hypersensitivity reactions to external antigens, not the body's own cells.

D. Autoimmune disease:

Autoantibodies target the body's own tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, which are more common in older adults.

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Identify all the ways that infections are spread? (Select all that apply)

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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