In addition to the forearm, which of these sites are commonly used for the administration of an intradermal injection?
Abdomen, 2-in. from umbilicus.
Anterior thigh.
Posterior upper arm.
Upper chest.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
The abdomen, specifically 2 inches from the umbilicus, is a common site for subcutaneous injections due to the presence of ample adipose tissue, which allows for slower absorption of medications like insulin or heparin. Intradermal injections require a site with a thin epidermis and minimal subcutaneous tissue to ensure the medication remains within the dermal layer, making the abdomen unsuitable.
Choice B rationale
The anterior thigh is a common site for intramuscular injections, particularly in infants, due to the large muscle mass (vastus lateralis). While it can be used for subcutaneous injections, its muscularity and varying skin thickness make it less ideal for the precise shallow angle required for an intradermal injection, where the goal is to deposit the medication into the dermis.
Choice C rationale
The posterior upper arm, specifically the triceps area, is frequently utilized for subcutaneous injections, such as insulin or certain vaccines, because it offers sufficient subcutaneous tissue. However, similar to the anterior thigh, its anatomical characteristics with thicker skin and subcutaneous fat layers make it less optimal for the very superficial intradermal injection technique.
Choice D rationale
The upper chest, particularly below the clavicle and above the breasts, is an appropriate site for intradermal injections. This area, along with the inner forearm and upper back, has a thin epidermis and less subcutaneous tissue, which facilitates the proper placement of the medication within the dermis, allowing for the formation of a visible wheal, a key indicator of a successful intradermal injection.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A 10-15 degree angle is used for intradermal injections, where the medication is deposited just beneath the epidermis, creating a bleb or wheal. This shallow angle ensures the medication remains within the superficial layers of the skin for diagnostic purposes like allergy testing.
Choice B rationale
Intramuscular injections are administered at a 90-degree angle to ensure the needle penetrates deeply into the muscle tissue, bypassing the subcutaneous layer. This angle facilitates rapid absorption into the well-vascularized muscle and minimizes the risk of medication leakage into the subcutaneous tissue or irritation.
Choice C rationale
A 45-degree angle is typically used for subcutaneous injections, where the medication is deposited into the adipose tissue beneath the dermis. This angle is chosen to avoid injecting into muscle while still reaching the subcutaneous layer for systemic absorption.
Choice D rationale
A 60-degree angle is not a standard injection angle for common parenteral routes. The primary angles used for injections are 10-15 degrees (intradermal), 45 degrees (subcutaneous), and 90 degrees (intramuscular). Deviating from standard angles can compromise medication delivery and patient safety.
Correct Answer is ["100"]
Explanation
Step 1 is calculate the flow rate in mL/hr. 100 mL ÷ 60 minutes = 1.666 mL/minute. 1.666 mL/minute × 60 minutes/hr = 99.96 mL/hr. Rounded to whole number: 100 mL/hr.
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