In fetal circulation, the ductus venosus diverts blood from which of the following organs?
Lungs
Heart
Kidney
Liver
The Correct Answer is D
A. The lungs are bypassed by the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation, not the ductus venosus.
B. The heart is a critical pumping organ, so no blood is diverted away from it in fetal circulation.
C. The kidneys process blood, but fetal blood bypasses the liver via the ductus venosus rather than the kidneys.
D. The ductus venosus allows oxygen-rich blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and flow directly into the inferior vena cava, ensuring that well-oxygenated blood reaches vital fetal organs, such as the brain and heart, more efficiently.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The umbilical cord typically contains two arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta and one vein that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. This arrangement supports effective nutrient and gas exchange during fetal development.
B. Two veins are not found in the umbilical cord; only one vein is present.
C. While one artery and one vein might be seen in abnormal conditions like single umbilical artery (SUA), this is not typical.
D. Two veins and one artery is incorrect as the typical structure includes two arteries and one vein.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. If only one parent carries the dominant gene, the probability of a child inheriting it is not 25%, as this would imply a recessive-recessive pairing.
B. In a scenario where one parent is heterozygous for a dominant gene and the other has two recessive alleles, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the dominant gene. This outcome is based on Mendelian inheritance.
C. A 75% chance would occur in a scenario involving two heterozygous parents, which is not described here.
D. 100% inheritance occurs only when one parent is homozygous dominant, which is also not indicated in this case.
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