A nurse is assisting in the care of a client at 10 weeks of gestation who asks how the biological sex of the fetus is determined. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
"Biological sex is determined when the zygote experiences implantation"
“Biological sex is determined by the specific combination of sex chromosomes present in the DNA.”
“Biological sex is determined when cell division takes place within the foramen ovale”
"Biological sex is determined when the blastocyst forms during fertilization."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Implantation of the zygote does not affect the determination of biological sex. The biological sex is already determined at the time of fertilization.
B. Sex chromosomes (XX for female and XY for male) determine biological sex. This combination is established at fertilization when the sperm and egg combine to form the zygote.
C. The foramen ovale is a hole in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs in utero and is unrelated to the determination of biological sex.
D. The blastocyst formation is an early developmental stage after fertilization but does not determine biological sex. It is the combination of sex chromosomes that determines whether the fetus is male or female.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Constipation is more commonly experienced in the second or third trimester due to hormonal changes and pressure from the growing uterus on the intestines.
B. Heartburn typically occurs later in pregnancy as the enlarging uterus pushes on the stomach, allowing gastric acid to reflux into the esophagus.
C. Supine hypotension occurs later in pregnancy when the enlarged uterus compresses the inferior vena cava, reducing blood flow back to the heart.
D. Urinary urgency is a common first-trimester symptom caused by hormonal changes and increased blood flow to the pelvic region, which places pressure on the bladder.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A decrease in saliva production may aggravate the disorder is not correct. In fact, hyperemesis gravidarum is often associated with an increase in saliva production (ptyalism) rather than a decrease.
B. Decreasing gastric secretions lead to increased nausea is inaccurate. The issue in hyperemesis gravidarum is typically an increase in nausea and vomiting, not a direct link to decreased gastric secretions.
C. An increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels may contribute to this disorder is correct. Elevated hCG levels are thought to play a role in the development of hyperemesis gravidarum, as they may contribute to increased nausea and vomiting.
D. Symptoms begin and are most severe during the second trimester of pregnancy is incorrect. Hyperemesis gravidarum typically starts in the first trimester and can persist beyond that if not managed. Symptoms do not usually peak in the second trimester.
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