In fetal circulation, the

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is an opening between the right to left atrium that allows blood to bypass the lungs. Additionally, the

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is a channel that allows blood to shunt form the pulmonary artery to the aorta. Both channels close in the days after birth as the infant transitions from fetal circulation to newborn circulation.

A nurse is caring for a younger child with otitis media. The parents ask the nurse why children seem to get otitis media frequently, but adults do not. Which statement about the physiological differences between young children and adults would the nurse provide?

A nurse has admitted a child with ventricular septal defect (VSD) to the unit. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for this child?

Following a hypospadias repair, the 10-month-old child returns from the operating room with a urethral stent. It is now 8 hours since the child’s surgery. Which assessment finding should be reported to the surgeon?

The parents of a 3-year-old child with congenital heart disease are afraid to let their child play with other children because of possible overexertion. The nurse’s reply should include which of the following?

You are caring for a 14-year-old patient in the ER following a motor vehicle accident. The patient is exhibiting moderate respiratory distress, with decreasing LOC and becoming hypotensive. On chest X:ray, there is air in the pleural space with tracheal deviation. You suspect which condition?

Which of the following actions by the school nurse is important in the prevention of rheumatic fever (RF)?

Parents of a child who experienced a moderately severe allergic reaction after eating peanuts ask the nurse what they can do to help if it happens again. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

In fetal circulation, the

An anxious and irritable preschooler arrives in the ER, refusing to lie down to be examined. The child sits, leans forward in onto the hand, and drools saliva. The child is warm to the touch, is using accessory muscles to breath, and pale in color. The nurse should: Place in the correct order from highest to lowest priority (assume you can only do one at a time).

A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department. She has a ‘frog-like’ croaking sound on inspiration, is agitated, and drooling. She insists on sitting upright. The nurse should do which of the following?