In labor, GPTAL is used to assess the client's obstetric history. What does the 'P' in GPTAL stand for?

Parity

Postpartum

Primigravida

Presentation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Parity: In GPTAL (Gravida, Parity, Term, Abortions, Living children), "P" refers to parity, which indicates the number of pregnancies carried to 20 weeks or beyond, regardless of outcome.

B. Postpartum: "Postpartum" refers to the period after childbirth and is not part of the GPTAL system.

C. Primigravida: Primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time, which is represented by "G" (Gravida) in GPTAL, not "P."

D. Presentation: "Presentation" refers to the fetal part entering the birth canal first (e.g., cephalic, breech) and is unrelated to GPTAL.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A client who has a history of preterm labor. A history of preterm labor is not an indication for MSAFP screening. MSAFP is primarily used to detect neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida) and chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome).

B. A client who has been exposed to AIDS. HIV/AIDS exposure does not impact MSAFP levels and is not an indication for the test. The focus in these clients is viral load monitoring and antiretroviral therapy.

C. A client who has mitral valve prolapse. Mitral valve prolapse does not affect fetal development in a way that would require MSAFP screening.

D. All of the clients. It is a standard screening test offered to all pregnant clients during the second trimester. The test is recommended for detecting fetal neural tube defects and certain chromosomal abnormalities, typically offered between 15-20 weeks of gestation.

A. To determine the exact gestational age of the fetus B. To measure the amniotic fluid volume C. To confirm the presence of labor contractions D. To assess fetal well-being in cases of suspected fetal growth restriction

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. To determine the exact gestational age of the fetus. Gestational age is estimated via ultrasound and fundal height, not an NST.

B. To measure the amniotic fluid volume. Amniotic fluid volume is assessed with an ultrasound and amniotic fluid index (AFI), not an NST.

C. To confirm the presence of labor contractions. An NST does not confirm labor contractions; it evaluates fetal heart rate in response to fetal movement.

D. To assess fetal well-being in cases of suspected fetal growth restriction. An NST evaluates fetal oxygenation and well-being, making it useful in cases of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or other concerns about fetal health.

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In labor, GPTAL is used to assess the client's obstetric history. What does the 'P' in GPTAL stand for?

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