In the context of developing a realistic birth plan with a pregnant client, what is a major advantage of nonpharmacologic pain management?
The client remains fully alert at all times.
There are no side effects or risks to the fetus.
Greater and more complete pain relief is possible.
A more rapid labor is likely.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
While non-pharmacologic methods can promote relaxation and coping, they may not guarantee full alertness at all times.
The intensity of labor pain can vary significantly, and even non-pharmacologic methods may not completely prevent fatigue or exhaustion.
Factors such as prolonged labor, anxiety, or discomfort can still impact alertness.
Choice C rationale:
Non-pharmacologic methods often provide significant pain relief, but they may not achieve the same degree of pain control as pharmacologic options like epidural analgesia.
The level of pain relief experienced with non-pharmacologic methods can depend on individual factors, preferences, and the specific techniques used.
Choice D rationale:
While relaxation and reduced anxiety can sometimes contribute to a more efficient labor, there's no guarantee that nonpharmacologic methods will consistently lead to a more rapid labor.
The duration of labor is influenced by various factors, including the strength and frequency of contractions, the position of the fetus, and the mother's overall health and preparedness.
Choice B rationale:
Non-pharmacologic pain management techniques do not involve medications or interventions that could potentially have adverse effects on the fetus.
This makes them a safe and desirable option for many pregnant women who are concerned about the potential risks of pharmacologic pain relief.
Common non-pharmacologic techniques include:
Relaxation techniques (deep breathing, guided imagery, meditation)
Hydrotherapy (immersion in water, showers, hot or cold compresses)
Positioning and movement (walking, rocking, changing positions frequently)
Massage and touch therapy
Acupuncture and acupressure
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Biofeedback
Hypnosis
Continuous labor support (from a doula, partner, or other support person)
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Answer and explanation
The correct answer is B. Aspiration of stomach contents.
Choice A rationale:
Respiratory depression is a potential risk of general anesthesia, but it is not the greatest risk in this scenario.
It is usually well-managed by the anesthesiologist during surgery.
They will closely monitor the patient's respiratory status and adjust the level of anesthesia as needed to maintain adequate breathing.
If respiratory depression does occur, it can be quickly reversed with medications.
Choice B rationale:
Aspiration of stomach contents is the most serious risk of general anesthesia in pregnant women.
This is because pregnancy causes a number of changes in the gastrointestinal system that increase the risk of aspiration:
The growing uterus puts pressure on the stomach, which can cause stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus.
Pregnancy hormones can relax the esophageal sphincter, which is the muscle that normally prevents food and stomach acid from coming back up the esophagus.
Labor can further delay gastric emptying, leading to a higher volume of stomach contents.
If stomach contents are aspirated into the lungs, it can cause a serious and potentially fatal condition called aspiration pneumonia.
It is important to note that aspiration can occur even if a woman has been fasting before surgery.
This is because the stomach never completely empties, and there is always some risk of reflux.
Choice C rationale:
Uterine relaxation is a potential side effect of some general anesthetic agents, but it is not a major risk in this scenario.
The anesthesiologist will choose an anesthetic agent that is less likely to cause uterine relaxation.
Additionally, they will closely monitor the patient's uterine tone and can administer medications to stimulate the uterus if necessary.
Choice D rationale:
Inadequate muscle relaxation is not a major risk of general anesthesia in this scenario.
The anesthesiologist will ensure that the patient's muscles are adequately relaxed to facilitate surgery.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This statement is incorrect. The risk factor for a genetic disorder can vary depending on the specific disorder and the family history. For example, the risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive disorder is higher if there is a history of the disorder in the family.
Additionally, some genetic disorders have a higher risk of recurrence than others. For example, the risk of having a child with cystic fibrosis is 25% if both parents are carriers of the gene.
It's crucial for nurses to be aware of the varying risk factors associated with different genetic disorders to provide accurate information and counseling to families.
Choice C rationale:
This statement is also incorrect. The risk of a disorder involving maternal ingestion of drugs being repeated in the second child depends on several factors, including the specific drug, the dose, and the timing of exposure.
It cannot be generalized to a one in four chance for all drug-related disorders. Nurses should consult with appropriate resources and specialists to determine the specific risks associated with different drugs and exposures.
Choice D rationale:
This statement is incorrect for autosomal dominant disorders. With an autosomal dominant disorder, the likelihood of the second child also having the condition is 50%, not 100%. Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the affected gene from the affected parent.
It's essential for nurses to understand the inheritance patterns of different genetic disorders to provide accurate information and support to families.
Choice B rationale:
This statement is correct. An autosomal recessive disease carries a one in eight risk of the second child also having the disorder. This is because both parents must be carriers of the affected gene for a child to inherit the disorder.
If both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance that each child will inherit two copies of the affected gene and have the disorder. However, there is also a 50% chance that each child will inherit only one copy of the affected gene and be a carrier, and a 25% chance that each child will inherit two normal copies of the gene and not be affected.
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