In the context of developing a realistic birth plan with a pregnant client, what is a major advantage of nonpharmacologic pain management?
The client remains fully alert at all times.
There are no side effects or risks to the fetus.
Greater and more complete pain relief is possible.
A more rapid labor is likely.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
While non-pharmacologic methods can promote relaxation and coping, they may not guarantee full alertness at all times.
The intensity of labor pain can vary significantly, and even non-pharmacologic methods may not completely prevent fatigue or exhaustion.
Factors such as prolonged labor, anxiety, or discomfort can still impact alertness.
Choice C rationale:
Non-pharmacologic methods often provide significant pain relief, but they may not achieve the same degree of pain control as pharmacologic options like epidural analgesia.
The level of pain relief experienced with non-pharmacologic methods can depend on individual factors, preferences, and the specific techniques used.
Choice D rationale:
While relaxation and reduced anxiety can sometimes contribute to a more efficient labor, there's no guarantee that nonpharmacologic methods will consistently lead to a more rapid labor.
The duration of labor is influenced by various factors, including the strength and frequency of contractions, the position of the fetus, and the mother's overall health and preparedness.
Choice B rationale:
Non-pharmacologic pain management techniques do not involve medications or interventions that could potentially have adverse effects on the fetus.
This makes them a safe and desirable option for many pregnant women who are concerned about the potential risks of pharmacologic pain relief.
Common non-pharmacologic techniques include:
Relaxation techniques (deep breathing, guided imagery, meditation)
Hydrotherapy (immersion in water, showers, hot or cold compresses)
Positioning and movement (walking, rocking, changing positions frequently)
Massage and touch therapy
Acupuncture and acupressure
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Biofeedback
Hypnosis
Continuous labor support (from a doula, partner, or other support person)
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Incorrect. The quad screen test does not examine fetal DNA to determine gender. That is the role of other tests, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
Gender determination is not a primary objective of the quad screen test.
Focusing on gender unnecessarily narrows the scope of the test's potential findings.
Choice B rationale:
Incorrect. The quad screen test does not use fetal tissue. It is a non-invasive blood test that measures levels of four substances in the mother's blood: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin A.
Fetal tissue sampling is more invasive and carries risks, while the quad screen is a safer alternative.
Clarifying the non-invasive nature of the test is crucial for informed consent and patient understanding.
Choice C rationale:
Incorrect. While AFP levels can be affected by maternal liver function, that is not the primary focus of the quad screen test.
Liver function tests are specifically designed to assess liver health, and they are not part of the quad screen panel.
Distinguishing between liver function assessment and AFP's role in screening for fetal anomalies is essential for accurate interpretation.
Choice D rationale:
Correct. The quad screen test measures levels of AFP, hCG, uE3, and inhibin A in the mother's blood. These substances can provide information about the risk of certain fetal chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects.
Elevated AFP levels can indicate an increased risk for neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly.
Low AFP levels can be associated with Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities.
Understanding the specific disorders that can be indicated by AFP levels is crucial for patient counseling and further testing decisions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
The nuchal translucency test (NT) is a non-invasive ultrasound screening test that measures the thickness of the fluid-filled space at the back of a developing baby's neck.
Evidence suggests that fetuses with Down syndrome tend to have increased fluid accumulation in this area, resulting in a larger-than-average nuchal translucency measurement.
Therefore, an increased NT measurement can be a marker for an increased risk of Down syndrome.
It's important to emphasize that the NT test is a screening tool, not a diagnostic test.
This means it can only indicate an increased risk of Down syndrome; it cannot definitively diagnose the condition.
To confirm a diagnosis, further testing, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis, is required.
Choice B rationale:
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects that affect the brain, spine, or spinal cord.
The most common NTDs are spina bifida and anencephaly.
The NT test is not a diagnostic test for NTDs, although it might detect some cases of open spina bifida.
However, it's not specifically designed for this purpose, and other tests, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening or detailed ultrasound, are more reliable for diagnosing NTDs.
Choice C rationale:
The NT test is typically performed in the first trimester of pregnancy, between 11 and 14 weeks gestation.
It's not available in the second trimester because the nuchal translucency measurement becomes less reliable after this point in pregnancy.
Choice D rationale:
A nuchal translucency measurement of 3mm or less is generally considered normal.
Measurements greater than 3mm are associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
The higher the measurement, the greater the risk.
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