In the context of estimating and interpreting the recurrence risks for genetic disorders, which statement should nurses be aware of?

The risk factor remains constant regardless of the number of affected children in the family.

An autosomal recessive disease carries a one in eight risk of the second child also having the disorder.

Disorders involving maternal ingestion of drugs carry a one in four chance of being repeated in the second child.

With a dominant disorder, the likelihood of the second child also having the condition is 100%.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale:

This statement is incorrect. The risk factor for a genetic disorder can vary depending on the specific disorder and the family history. For example, the risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive disorder is higher if there is a history of the disorder in the family.

Additionally, some genetic disorders have a higher risk of recurrence than others. For example, the risk of having a child with cystic fibrosis is 25% if both parents are carriers of the gene.

It's crucial for nurses to be aware of the varying risk factors associated with different genetic disorders to provide accurate information and counseling to families.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is also incorrect. The risk of a disorder involving maternal ingestion of drugs being repeated in the second child depends on several factors, including the specific drug, the dose, and the timing of exposure.

It cannot be generalized to a one in four chance for all drug-related disorders. Nurses should consult with appropriate resources and specialists to determine the specific risks associated with different drugs and exposures.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect for autosomal dominant disorders. With an autosomal dominant disorder, the likelihood of the second child also having the condition is 50%, not 100%. Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the affected gene from the affected parent.

It's essential for nurses to understand the inheritance patterns of different genetic disorders to provide accurate information and support to families.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is correct. An autosomal recessive disease carries a one in eight risk of the second child also having the disorder. This is because both parents must be carriers of the affected gene for a child to inherit the disorder.

If both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance that each child will inherit two copies of the affected gene and have the disorder. However, there is also a 50% chance that each child will inherit only one copy of the affected gene and be a carrier, and a 25% chance that each child will inherit two normal copies of the gene and not be affected.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Joining a support group can be beneficial. I can provide some recommendations.

Support groups offer a safe and supportive environment where couples can share their experiences, feelings, and coping strategies with others who understand what they are going through. This can be incredibly helpful in reducing isolation, normalizing their emotions, and promoting a sense of hope. Support groups can also provide valuable information and resources about infertility, treatment options, and coping strategies. Additionally, they can help couples develop a sense of community and belonging, which can be especially important during a challenging time.

I can provide some recommendations for support groups in your area. This demonstrates the nurse's willingness to help the couple find the resources they need and underscores the value of support groups in managing infertility.

Choice B rationale:

Share your situation with friends and family so they can provide support.

While sharing with friends and family can be helpful for some couples, it's important to recognize that not everyone may be able to provide the kind of support that is needed. Some friends and family members may not understand the challenges of infertility or may offer unsolicited advice, which can be hurtful. Additionally, couples may not feel comfortable sharing such personal information with their loved ones. It's important to respect the couple's privacy and preferences in this regard.

Choice C rationale:

Start adoption proceedings immediately as it can be challenging to adopt an infant.

This response is not appropriate as it does not address the couple's immediate concern, which is how to maintain their emotional balance while dealing with infertility. It also assumes that the couple is interested in adoption, which may not be the case. While adoption can be a wonderful option for some families, it's a major decision that requires careful consideration and should not be rushed into.

Choice D rationale:

Speak only with other friends who are dealing with infertility as they can provide the most help.

While connecting with others who are experiencing infertility can be helpful, it's important not to isolate oneself from other sources of support. Friends and family who are not dealing with infertility can still offer valuable support, understanding, and companionship. It's important to have a variety of supportive relationships in one's life.

A. Electrolytes improve. B. Urine output (UO) does not change. C. Urine output (UO) increases. D. Oxygenation worsens.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Electrolytes do not consistently improve during the diuretic phase of renal failure. While urine output increases, the kidneys' ability to regulate electrolytes may still be impaired. Electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hyperphosphatemia, can persist or even worsen during this phase.

Close monitoring of electrolytes is crucial to guide appropriate interventions, such as electrolyte replacement or restriction.

Choice B rationale:

Urine output (UO) does not remain unchanged during the diuretic phase. It is a defining characteristic of this phase that urine output increases, often significantly. This increase in urine output is a result of the recovering kidney tubules' ability to excrete fluid and waste products.

Choice C rationale:

Urine output (UO) increases in the diuretic phase of renal failure. This is a key feature that distinguishes this phase from the oliguric phase, which is characterized by decreased urine output. The increase in urine output is typically a sign of kidney function recovery. However, it is important to note that the increase in urine output does not necessarily mean that kidney function has fully recovered.

Choice D rationale:

Oxygenation does not typically worsen during the diuretic phase of renal failure. In fact, oxygenation may improve as fluid overload is resolved and pulmonary edema decreases. However, patients with underlying respiratory conditions or those who experience rapid fluid shifts may still require respiratory support.

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In the context of estimating and interpreting the recurrence risks for genetic disorders, which statement should nurses be aware of?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A couple is struggling with infertility and wants to know how to maintain their emotional balance. Which response from the nurse would be most appropriate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

In the diuretic phase of renal failure, which of the following happens?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

During the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, which of the following occurs?

The nurse is discussing the pros and cons of IV opioid administration during active labor with a client. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?

A pregnant client in the transition phase of labor is taking shallow breaths at more than twice the normal adult breathing rate. She comments that she is feeling light-headed, dizzy, and states that her fingers are tingling. What should the nurse do?

A pregnant client is at the prenatal clinic for a fetal nuchal translucency test. What does the nurse understand about this test?

A client in her first trimester of pregnancy is scheduled for an ultrasound. Which of the following would not be a reason for an ultrasound at this stage?

Which cultural group is known for women who may remain stoic until late in labor, at which point they may become vocal and request pain relief?

A pregnant client is undergoing a nipple-stimulated contraction stress test (CST). She is experiencing contractions every three minutes. The fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline is approximately 120 beats/min with no decelerations. How should the nurse document this test?