In which disease process should a nurse expect to see a client with the presence of pitting edema?

Liver Disease

Diabetes mellitus

End Stage Renal Disease

Colon Cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

(a) Liver Disease:

Pitting edema is commonly seen in liver disease, especially in conditions like cirrhosis. Liver disease can lead to hypoalbuminemia, where low levels of albumin in the blood cause fluid to leak into the interstitial spaces, resulting in edema. Additionally, liver disease often leads to portal hypertension, which can also contribute to the development of edema.

(b) Diabetes mellitus:

While diabetes can cause complications such as diabetic nephropathy, which may lead to fluid retention, pitting edema is not a primary symptom directly associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients may develop edema due to kidney issues, but it is not as directly associated as with liver disease.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) can indeed cause significant fluid retention and edema, including pitting edema. The kidneys' inability to excrete excess fluid leads to its accumulation in tissues. However, the question seems to point towards liver disease, which directly leads to conditions causing pitting edema.

(d) Colon Cancer:

Colon cancer is not typically associated with pitting edema. While advanced cancer can lead to various complications, including fluid imbalances, it is not a primary cause of pitting edema. Edema related to cancer is often more localized and associated with tumor sites or treatment areas.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Blockage of the tear ducts causing excessive tearing:

Blockage of tear ducts (dacryostenosis) results in excessive tearing (epiphora) due to inadequate drainage of tears into the nasal cavity. It does not directly contribute to glaucoma, which primarily involves increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage.

B) Inflammation of the cornea resulting in blurry vision:

Corneal inflammation (keratitis) can cause blurry vision, pain, and sensitivity to light, but it is not the primary pathophysiology of glaucoma. Glaucoma primarily involves damage to the optic nerve due to elevated IOP.

C) Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage:

Glaucoma is characterized by elevated IOP, which puts pressure on the optic nerve and can lead to progressive damage and vision loss if untreated. This is the primary pathophysiological process in most types of glaucoma.

D) Degeneration of the lens leading to cataracts:

Cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye, leading to visual impairment. While cataracts are a common condition in older adults, they are not directly related to the pathophysiology of glaucoma, which primarily involves elevated IOP and optic nerve damage.

A. Concussions in sports and motor vehicle accidents cause the largest number of TBIS in teens. B. Females have twice the risk that males do. C. Falls occur more frequently in the younger population. D. Most firearm incidents are accidental.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Concussions in sports and motor vehicle accidents cause the largest number of TBIs in teens: Adolescents are particularly susceptible to TBIs due to their frequent involvement in contact sports like football, soccer, and hockey, as well as risky behaviors associated with driving. These activities are leading causes of TBIs in this age group, making education on safety measures and proper use of protective equipment essential in prevention efforts.

B) Females have twice the risk that males do: This statement is incorrect. In reality, males are more likely to sustain TBIs than females, especially in adolescence. The higher risk in males is largely due to their greater participation in high-impact sports and higher likelihood of being involved in motor vehicle accidents.

C) Falls occur more frequently in the younger population: Although falls are a significant cause of TBIs in young children and older adults, they are not the primary cause in adolescents. Teens are more likely to sustain TBIs from sports injuries and car accidents, making these areas more relevant for preventive education.

D) Most firearm incidents are accidental: While firearm-related TBIs can occur, they are not as common in the adolescent population compared to injuries from sports and motor vehicle accidents. Prevention efforts should focus more on the activities that pose the highest risk for this age group.

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In which disease process should a nurse expect to see a client with the presence of pitting edema?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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