Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with numerous pregnancy-related risk factors except:
Poor maternal weight gain
Premature rupture of membranes
Smoking
Gestational hypertension
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Poor maternal weight gain is a risk factor for IUGR, as it indicates inadequate nutrition and fetal growth.
Choice B reason: Premature rupture of membranes is not a risk factor for IUGR, as it does not affect the placental function or blood flow. It is a complication of pregnancy that can lead to infection, preterm labor, or cord prolapse.
Choice C reason: Smoking is a risk factor for IUGR, as it reduces the oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus and causes vasoconstriction of the placental vessels.
Choice D reason: Gestational hypertension is a risk factor for IUGR, as it impairs the placental perfusion and causes fetal hypoxia and acidosis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The incidence of hepatitis C is not decreasing, but rather increasing, especially among young people who inject drugs. Hepatitis C is a chronic infection that can lead to liver damage and cancer.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis B is more contagious than HIV, as it can be transmitted by blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other body fluids. Hepatitis B can also cause chronic infection and liver problems.
Choice C reason: A vaccine exists for hepatitis B but not for hepatitis C. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants, children, and adults who are at risk of exposure. Hepatitis C vaccine is still under development.
Choice D reason: Hepatitis A is caused by eating contaminated food or drinking polluted water. It is an acute infection that usually resolves on its own. Hepatitis A vaccine is available for travelers and people who live in areas with poor sanitation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Human papillomavirus is incorrect because it is not caused by a bacterium, but by a virus. It can cause genital warts and cervical cancer, but it cannot be cured with antibiotics.
Choice B reason: Gonorrhea is correct because it is caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae, often produces no symptoms, but can be treated with antibiotics. If symptoms occur, they may include painful urination and discharge from the penis or vagina. If left untreated, the infection can result in more serious long-term problems, including infertility, pain, and joint problems.
Choice C reason: Herpes simplex virus is incorrect because it is not caused by a bacterium, but by a virus. It can cause genital herpes, which is marked by painful blisters and sores in the genital area. It cannot be cured with antibiotics, but antiviral medications can help reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks.
Choice D reason: Cytomegalovirus is incorrect because it is not caused by a bacterium, but by a virus. It usually causes mild or no symptoms in healthy people, but can be serious in people with weakened immune systems or unborn babies. It cannot be cured with antibiotics, but antiviral medications can help treat the symptoms.
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