Jennifer is forty-two years old and pregnant with her first child. Knowing that her age puts her baby at increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities, she decides to undergo a prenatal screening procedure that will identify any abnormalities. Which of the following procedures will best help Jennifer to do this?

A. They have difficulty adapting to a different culture:That describes acculturation problems, not the latchkey child phenomenon.
B. They spend after-school hours unsupervised at home:“latchkey children” typically return to an empty home after school and spend unsupervised time there.
C. They lose the ability to comprehend written words:Not a defining feature; literacy is not typically lost because of being a latchkey child.
D. They score between 55 and 70 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales:That IQ range suggests mild intellectual disability and is unrelated to being a latchkey child.
E. They do not perform as well academically as their siblings do:Academic outcomes vary and are not the defining characteristic of latchkey status; sibling comparisons are not part of the definition.

A. Longitudinal: Longitudinal studies follow the sameindividuals over time to observe change; Dr. Morgan is comparing different age groups at one time, not following the same people.
B. Cross-sectional: cross-sectional studies compare different age/cohort groups at a single point in time (e.g., twenty-year-olds vs forty-year-olds) to assess age differences.
C. Cross-sequential: Cross-sequential (cohort-sequential) combines cross-sectional and longitudinal elements by following multiple cohorts over time; Dr. Morgan’s design as described is not doing that.
D. Experimental: Experimental implies manipulation of an independent variable and random assignment; Dr. Morgan is surveying/comparing groups, not manipulating variables.
E. Observational: Partially true (cross-sectional studies are observational), but this choice is too general - the specific correct label for comparing two age groups at one time is “cross-sectional.”