Naomi is forty years old. Though she can be shy around new people, with people she knows she is very friendly, compassionate, and trusting. According to the Big Five model, Naomi has a high level of which of the following personality components?

A. Spaced retrieval: spaced retrieval (practicing recall over increasing intervals) is an evidence-based behavioral technique shown to help memory performance in people with early Alzheimer’s disease.
B. Cognitive behavioral therapy: CBT helps mood and coping but is not a primary memory-training technique for early Alzheimer’s.
C. Systematic desensitization: This is an anxiety-treatment technique and does not directly improve memory.
D. Massed practice: Cramming or massed practice is generally less effective than spaced practice for long-term retention, especially in cognitive impairment.
E. Elaboration: Elaboration (forming meaningful links) can aid memory in healthy individuals but is often harder to implement and less empirically validated than spaced retrieval in early Alzheimer’s.

A. Authoritarian: Authoritarian parenting is high control/low warmth; children often are obedient or may become rebellious but not typically described as simply immature and lacking self-control due to permissiveness.
B. Authoritative: Authoritative parents combine warmth and consistent limits; their children usually show good self-control and social competence.
C. Permissive: permissive (indulgent) parenting is low in firm limits and discipline, often producing children who are impulsive, immature, and have poor self-control.
D. Neglectful: Neglectful (uninvolved) parenting leads to many problems (attachment, academic), but the vignette emphasizes immaturity and refusal to listen-classic for permissive.
E. Rejecting: “Rejecting” is similar to neglectful/uninvolved; it implies emotional rejection rather than the indulgent permissiveness described.