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Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete which substance?

A.

Aldosterone

B.

Erythropoietin

C.

Converting enzyme

D.

Renin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Aldosterone: Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal glands, and it regulates sodium and water balance, not in response to low oxygen.

B. Erythropoietin: The kidneys secrete erythropoietin in response to hypoxia to stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

C. Converting enzyme: Refers to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is found in the lungs and converts angiotensin I to II—not secreted by kidneys in response to hypoxia.

D. Renin: Renin is secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or sodium, not oxygen deficiency.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Decreases the reabsorption of water: Most diuretics act by preventing the reabsorption of sodium and water in the nephron, increasing urine output.

B. Decreases GFR (glomerular filtration rate): Diuretics do not usually decrease GFR; some may slightly increase or maintain it.

C. Activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Diuretics often reduce blood volume, which might trigger RAAS as a compensatory mechanism, but activation of RAAS is not the drug’s direct action.

D. Causes the release of ADH: Diuretics counteract the action of ADH by promoting diuresis.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Nothing, it's just a pass through to the next structure: The stomach plays a critical role in digestion through mixing and secretion of gastric juices.

B. Gastric juices mix with the food and the stomach muscles squeeze it: This process forms chyme through mechanical (squeezing) and chemical (acid/enzymes) digestion.

C. The food moves quickly into the small intestine: Food stays in the stomach for a period of time for processing before gradually passing into the small intestine.

D. The food is completely digested and is absorbed by tiny blood vessels in the walls of the stomach: Most digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the small intestine, not the stomach.

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