Mary, a 45-year-old woman, comes into the clinic complaining of a swollen and painful toe after stubbing it on a furniture leg. The nurse explains that the pain is most likely due to what mechanism in the inflammatory response?

Release of enzymes that irritate the tissues.

Edema compressing nerve endings.

Heat generated during the process of lysis.

Accumulation of acidic waste from dying cells.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This mechanism is more relevant in conditions like pancreatitis or tissue injury involving enzyme release, not specifically in traumatic inflammation.
B.   Inflammation leads to increased vascular permeability and fluid accumulation (edema), which can compress nerve endings and cause pain.
C.   Lysis refers to the breakdown of cells, which may release heat, but this is not typically a significant factor in localized inflammation from trauma.
D.   Acidic waste accumulation occurs in cell death processes like necrosis, but it's not the primary mechanism causing pain in traumatic inflammation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Watchful waiting may be appropriate in certain cases but is not a primary treatment approach for basal cell carcinoma.

B. Limiting future sun exposure is essential to reduce the risk of additional basal cell carcinoma lesions and prevent further skin damage.
C. Low-dose systemic chemotherapy is not typically prescribed for basal cell carcinoma, which is primarily treated with surgical excision or other local therapies.
D. Regular screening for metastasis may be necessary in some cases, but basal cell carcinoma typically metastasizes rarely if at all. Regular skin examinations are more relevant for detecting new lesions.

A. Filtration of air B. Reflex bronchoconstriction C. Alveolar macrophages D. Cough reflex E. Cough reflex

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This mechanism helps to remove particles and microorganisms from the air before they enter the lungs but is not primarily responsible for removing pathogens already present in the lungs.

B. Bronchoconstriction typically occurs in response to irritants or allergens and is not directly involved in removing pathogens.
C. While alveolar macrophages play a role in immune defense within the lungs, they are not the primary mechanism for removing pathogens causing pneumonia.
D. The cough reflex is the body's primary mechanism for expelling pathogens and debris from the respiratory tract, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

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Mary, a 45-year-old woman, comes into the clinic complaining of a swollen and painful toe after stubbing it on a furniture leg. The nurse explains that the pain is most likely due to what mechanism in the inflammatory response?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Janet, 67, is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. She has a past medical history of multiple sunburns and her latest biopsy shows no metastasis. What should be included in her teaching plan?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Mike, a 32-year-old with a suspected immunodeficiency, is undergoing diagnostic tests. Which type of lymphocytes are responsible for either generating sensitized lymphocytes or antibodies?

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