A client is receiving baclofen for the management of symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. To evaluate the effectiveness of this medication, what does the nurse assess?

Muscle spasms

Mood and affect

Appetite

Sleep pattern

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

Baclofen is primarily used to treat muscle symptoms caused by multiple sclerosis, including muscle spasms, stiffness, and pain1. It acts on the spinal cord nerves to decrease the number and severity of muscle spasms, thereby improving muscle movement2. The effectiveness of baclofen in managing multiple sclerosis symptoms is best evaluated by assessing the reduction in muscle spasms.

Choice B reason:

While mood and affect are important aspects of a patient’s overall well-being, they are not the primary indicators of baclofen’s effectiveness. Baclofen does not have a direct impact on mood and affect, as its main function is to relieve muscle spasms and improve muscle movement.

Choice C reason:

Appetite is not a primary concern when evaluating the effectiveness of baclofen. This medication is not known to significantly affect appetite. The main therapeutic goal of baclofen is to reduce muscle spasms and improve mobility in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Choice D reason:

Sleep pattern, although important for overall health, is not the primary measure of baclofen’s effectiveness. Baclofen’s primary role is to alleviate muscle spasms and improve muscle function. While it may have some impact on sleep due to its muscle-relaxing properties, this is not the main criterion for evaluating its effectiveness.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Title: Choice A Reason:

Patients with seafood allergies may have a higher risk of allergic reactions to iodinated contrast media used in CT scans. However, this is not a definitive contraindication. The nurse should inform the patient to notify their healthcare provider about any known allergies, including seafood, as a precautionary measure. This allows the healthcare team to take necessary steps to prevent any adverse reactions, such as premedication with antihistamines or corticosteroids.

Title: Choice B Reason:

Metformin is a common medication used to manage type II diabetes. When a patient is scheduled for a CT scan with IV contrast, it is crucial to withhold Metformin before the procedure. This is because the combination of Metformin and iodinated contrast can increase the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and lactic acidosis, a rare but serious condition. The general recommendation is to stop Metformin at the time of or prior to the procedure and withhold it for 48 hours after the procedure, resuming only after renal function has been re-evaluated and found to be normal.

Title: Choice C Reason:

CT scans, especially those requiring IV contrast, are typically performed in a radiology suite equipped with the necessary technology and medical personnel. Performing such a procedure at the bedside is uncommon and not standard practice due to the need for specialized equipment and immediate access to emergency care in case of adverse reactions. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

Title: Choice D Reason:

Taking Metformin as usual before the test is not recommended due to the risk of lactic acidosis when combined with iodinated contrast. As previously mentioned, Metformin should be withheld before and after the procedure until renal function is confirmed to be normal. This precaution helps to prevent any potential complications associated with the interaction between Metformin and the contrast agent.

A. Periodic nystagmus B. Severe unrelenting headaches C. Photophobia during the day D. Decreased level of consciousness

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: Periodic Nystagmus

Nystagmus, which is characterized by involuntary eye movements, can be a symptom of various neurological conditions, including bacterial meningitis. However, it is not typically an immediate concern compared to other symptoms. Nystagmus indicates potential issues with the brainstem or cerebellum, but it does not directly threaten the patient’s life or indicate a rapid deterioration in condition. Therefore, while it is important to monitor, it is not the most urgent finding.

Choice B: Severe Unrelenting Headaches

Severe headaches are a common symptom of bacterial meningitis due to the inflammation of the meninges. While they are extremely painful and distressing for the patient, they are not as immediately life-threatening as a decreased level of consciousness. Headaches indicate increased intracranial pressure, which is serious, but the priority is to address symptoms that indicate a more rapid decline in neurological function.

Choice C: Photophobia During the Day

Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, is another common symptom of meningitis. It results from the irritation of the meninges and is often accompanied by headaches. While photophobia can be very uncomfortable and indicative of meningitis, it is not an immediate concern compared to a decreased level of consciousness. Photophobia does not directly indicate a life-threatening situation.

Choice D: Decreased Level of Consciousness

A decreased level of consciousness is the most immediate concern for a nurse caring for a patient with bacterial meningitis. This symptom indicates a significant and potentially rapid decline in the patient’s neurological status. It can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure, brain swelling, or other severe complications. Immediate medical intervention is required to prevent further deterioration and potential fatality. Monitoring and addressing changes in consciousness are critical in managing bacterial meningitis effectively.

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A client is receiving baclofen for the management of symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis. To evaluate the effectiveness of this medication, what does the nurse assess?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with type II diabetes is scheduled to have a computed tomography (CT) scan with IV contrast of the brain to rule out a brain tumor. What health teaching would the nurse include?Your provider will obtain a signed consent from you prior to the completion of the CT scan.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Which assessment finding would be an immediate concern for the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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