A nurse is assessing a client who has hypocalcemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A Reason:

Urinary frequency is not typically associated with allergic reactions. It is more commonly related to urinary tract infections, diabetes, or other conditions affecting the urinary system. Therefore, it is not an indication of a mild allergic reaction.

Choice B Reason:

Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is not a common symptom of an allergic reaction. It is usually associated with conditions affecting the auditory system, such as exposure to loud noises, ear infections, or certain medications. Thus, it does not indicate a mild allergic reaction.

Choice C Reason:

Urticaria, also known as hives, is a common symptom of a mild allergic reaction. It presents as red, itchy welts on the skin that can vary in size and shape. Urticaria occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to an allergen, releasing histamines that cause the characteristic rash.

Choice D Reason:

A sore throat can be a symptom of various conditions, including infections like the common cold or strep throat. While it can occur in some allergic reactions, it is not a primary indicator of a mild allergic reaction. More common symptoms of mild allergic reactions include hives, itching, and nasal congestion.

Choice A Reason:

Instructing the client to take deep, rhythmic breaths can help in managing pain by promoting relaxation and reducing muscle tension. Deep breathing exercises are a common nonpharmacological intervention for pain relief. However, for localized back pain, this method might not be as effective as applying an ice pack directly to the affected area.

Choice B Reason:

Encouraging the client to apply a heating pad for 2 hours at a time can provide relief by increasing blood flow and relaxing muscles. However, prolonged use of heat can sometimes exacerbate inflammation, especially if the pain is due to an acute injury. Therefore, it is generally recommended to alternate between heat and cold therapy.

Choice C Reason:

Applying an ice pack to the client’s back for 1 hour is effective in reducing inflammation and numbing the pain. Cold therapy is particularly useful in the initial stages of pain management as it helps to constrict blood vessels, reducing swelling and providing immediate pain relief. This method is often recommended for acute pain and injuries.

Choice D Reason:

Removing distractions from the client’s room can create a more restful environment, which may help in overall pain management. However, this action alone is unlikely to provide significant relief for localized back pain. It is more of a supportive measure rather than a primary intervention for pain relief.