A nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant who has gastroenteritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of severe dehydration?
Capillary refill time 3 seconds
Sunken anterior fontanel
Weight loss of 5%
Produces tears when crying
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Capillary refill time of 3 seconds is within the normal range (less than 3 seconds) and does not indicate severe dehydration.
B. A sunken anterior fontanel is a significant sign of dehydration in infants and suggests severe dehydration.
C. While a weight loss of 5% can indicate dehydration, it may not necessarily represent severe dehydration. The extent of dehydration is better assessed by clinical signs such as fontanel status, skin turgor, and mucous membrane moisture.
D. Producing tears when crying is a reassuring sign and suggests adequate hydration, so it does not indicate severe dehydration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A toddler who has a heart rate of 68/min is likely to have bradycardia, a slow heart rate that can affect oxygen delivery. Bradycardia could be caused by hypoxia, hypothermia, or cardiac problems. The nurse should report this finding to the provider immediately.
B. This temperature is within the normal range, so it does not require reporting.
C. This blood pressure is within the normal range for an adolescent, so it does not require reporting.
D. The normal respiratory rate for a 3-month-old infant is 25 to 40/min.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hypotension is not a common adverse effect of cefazolin. While hypotension can occur in severe allergic reactions, it is not a typical side effect of this medication.
B. Prolonged wound healing is not a primary concern with cefazolin. This antibiotic does not typically affect wound healing directly.
C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is correct. Cefazolin can cause serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which is a severe, life-threatening condition characterized by blistering and peeling of the skin. The nurse should monitor for signs of this reaction.
D. Bradypnea is not a common adverse effect of cefazolin. Respiratory depression is not typically associated with this medication.
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