A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client’s beta cells are restoring normal function?
Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL.
Client reports smoking cessation.
Weight gain of 5 lb.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL
A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range (70-99 mg/dL) but may indicate some improvement in beta cell function if it was previously higher. In type 2 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. When beta cells start to restore their function, they can produce more insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels. However, a fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL still indicates that the client has diabetes and needs to continue managing their condition.
Choice B: Client reports smoking cessation
Smoking cessation is a positive health behavior and can improve overall health, including cardiovascular health, which is often compromised in individuals with diabetes. However, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. Beta cell function is specifically related to the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin, and smoking cessation, while beneficial, does not directly impact this.
Choice C: Weight gain of 5 lb
Weight gain can have various implications for a person with type 2 diabetes. While modest weight gain might indicate improved nutritional status or muscle mass, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes worsen insulin resistance, making it harder for beta cells to function effectively.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Decreasing activity is not recommended for managing peripheral venous disease. Regular physical activity, such as walking, helps improve blood circulation and can reduce symptoms. Inactivity can lead to worsening of the condition and increase the risk of complications.
Choice B Reason:
Massaging the legs frequently is not typically recommended for preventing fluid buildup in peripheral venous disease. Instead, compression therapy, such as wearing compression stockings, is more effective in managing symptoms and preventing fluid accumulation.
Choice C Reason:
Keeping the legs in a dependent position (hanging down) can worsen symptoms of peripheral venous disease. Elevating the legs above heart level helps reduce swelling and improve blood flow, which is beneficial for managing the condition.
Choice D Reason:
Inspecting the legs daily for changes in color, size, and temperature is crucial for managing peripheral venous disease. This practice helps in early detection of complications such as infections, ulcers, or worsening of the condition, allowing for timely medical intervention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by an elevated pH in body tissues, typically due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of hydrogen ions. This condition is not associated with Kussmaul breathing. Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often seen in patients with metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis. In metabolic alkalosis, the body does not need to expel excess acid through rapid breathing, so Kussmaul respirations are not observed.
Choice B reason: Metabolic acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of acid in the body due to the accumulation of acid or the loss of bicarbonate. This condition is commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), where the body produces high levels of ketones, leading to acidosis. Kussmaul breathing is a compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis, where the body attempts to reduce the acid level by expelling carbon dioxide through rapid, deep breaths. This type of breathing helps to lower the blood’s acidity by reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide, which is an acid.
Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where there is a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood due to excessive breathing or hyperventilation. This condition leads to an increase in blood pH, making it more alkaline. Kussmaul breathing is not associated with respiratory alkalosis because it is a response to metabolic acidosis, not a condition where the body is already expelling too much carbon dioxide.
Choice D reason: Respiratory acidosis is a condition where there is an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood due to inadequate respiration. This leads to a decrease in blood pH, making it more acidic. While respiratory acidosis involves an acidic environment, Kussmaul breathing is specifically a response to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. In respiratory acidosis, the body would not use Kussmaul respirations as a compensatory mechanism.
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