A nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a client has an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect?
Increased thirst, increased urine output, and weight loss
Fatigue, constipation, weight gain
Anxiety, unintended weight loss, palpitations
Shakiness, sweating, nausea
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Increased Thirst, Increased Urine Output, and Weight Loss
Increased thirst, increased urine output, and weight loss are symptoms commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, particularly uncontrolled diabetes. These symptoms occur due to the body’s attempt to eliminate excess glucose through urine, leading to dehydration and subsequent weight loss. However, these symptoms are not typically associated with elevated TSH levels, which indicate hypothyroidism.
Choice B reason: Fatigue, Constipation, Weight Gain
Fatigue, constipation, and weight gain are classic symptoms of hypothyroidism2. When the thyroid gland is underactive, it produces insufficient thyroid hormones, leading to a slowdown in the body’s metabolism. This results in fatigue, weight gain, and constipation, among other symptoms. Elevated TSH levels are a compensatory response by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormones, confirming hypothyroidism.
Choice C reason: Anxiety, Unintended Weight Loss, Palpitations
Anxiety, unintended weight loss, and palpitations are symptoms typically associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones, leading to an accelerated metabolism. This results in symptoms such as weight loss, increased heart rate (palpitations), and anxiety. Elevated TSH levels would not be expected in hyperthyroidism; instead, TSH levels would be low due to negative feedback from high thyroid hormone levels.
Choice D reason: Shakiness, Sweating, Nausea
Shakiness, sweating, and nausea can be symptoms of various conditions, including hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), anxiety, or panic attacks. These symptoms are not specific to thyroid dysfunction and are not typically associated with elevated TSH levels. Hypothyroidism, indicated by high TSH levels, usually presents with symptoms related to a slowed metabolism, such as fatigue and weight gain, rather than shakiness and sweating.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia refers to a low level of potassium in the blood. It can cause muscle weakness, cramps, and arrhythmias, but it is not directly related to Kussmaul breathing. Hypokalemia can occur in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to the loss of potassium in urine, but it is not the primary cause of Kussmaul breathing. Kussmaul breathing is a deep, labored breathing pattern that occurs as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis, not directly due to low potassium levels.
Choice B reason: Metabolic Alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by an elevated pH in body tissues due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid. It is the opposite of metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing is specifically a response to metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis. Therefore, metabolic alkalosis is not related to Kussmaul breathing.
Choice C reason: Lipolysis
Lipolysis is the metabolic process of breaking down lipids (fats) into free fatty acids and glycerol. This process is accelerated in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to the lack of insulin, leading to the production of ketone bodies, which contribute to metabolic acidosis. While lipolysis is a part of the pathophysiology of DKA, it is not directly related to Kussmaul breathing. Kussmaul breathing is a compensatory mechanism for the acidosis caused by the accumulation of ketone bodies.
Choice D reason: Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In DKA, the lack of insulin leads to elevated blood glucose levels and the breakdown of fats into ketones, causing metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing is the body’s attempt to compensate for this acidosis by increasing the rate and depth of breathing to expel more carbon dioxide, thereby reducing the acidity of the blood. Therefore, hyperglycemia is directly related to the occurrence of Kussmaul breathing in DKA.
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Acetaminophen is often used to manage pain and fever associated with pericarditis. It is a common analgesic and antipyretic that helps alleviate discomfort without causing significant gastrointestinal side effects. However, it does not have anti-inflammatory properties, so it is typically used in conjunction with other medications that address inflammation.
Choice B Reason:
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat and prevent various types of serious irregular heartbeats, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. It is not typically used for treating pericarditis, as it does not address the inflammation or pain associated with the condition.
Choice C Reason:
Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is effective in reducing inflammation and pain associated with pericarditis. NSAIDs are commonly prescribed for pericarditis to help manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. Indomethacin, along with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen, is often part of the first-line treatment for this condition.
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