A nurse is preparing an education session for staff nurses about the treatment and management of DKA in children.
Which of the following points should be included in the session? (Select all that apply).
Fluid resuscitation with 0.9% saline is part of initial management.
Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia, are common in DKA.
Insulin therapy is not necessary in the treatment of DKA.
Blood glucose and electrolyte levels should be monitored frequently.
Correct Answer : A
Choice A rationale:
Fluid resuscitation with 0.9% saline is indeed a crucial part of the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
DKA often results in severe dehydration due to excessive urination and can lead to a state of shock.
The administration of normal saline helps to rehydrate the patient and restore adequate blood volume.
Choice B rationale:
Electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia, are common in DKA.
When a person has DKA, there is a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes through excessive urination.
This loss can lead to low potassium levels, which can be life-threatening.
Therefore, monitoring and correcting electrolyte imbalances, including potassium, is essential in the treatment of DKA.
Choice C rationale:
Insulin therapy is crucial in the treatment of DKA.
This choice is incorrect because insulin helps to reverse the metabolic processes that lead to ketone formation and hyperglycemia in DKA.
By administering insulin, the body can utilize glucose for energy, reduce blood glucose levels, and stop the production of ketones.
Choice D rationale:
Monitoring blood glucose and electrolyte levels is essential during the treatment of DKA.
Frequent monitoring allows healthcare providers to assess the effectiveness of treatment, make necessary adjustments, and ensure the patient's safety.
It helps in tracking the response to insulin therapy and The correction of electrolyte imbalances.
Choice E rationale:
Children with DKA are indeed at risk for complications.
This choice is incorrect because DKA can lead to a range of complications, including cerebral edema, which is more common in children.
Cerebral edema is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication that highlights the importance of vigilant management and monitoring in pediatric DKA cases.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Telling the child to drink less water to control urination is not an appropriate response.
Excessive thirst and increased urination are common symptoms of diabetes, and they occur because the body is trying to get rid of excess glucose through urine.
Dehydration is a concern in diabetes, so advising the child to drink less water is not advisable.
Choice B rationale:
Explaining to the child that these symptoms are due to their body having trouble using glucose properly is an accurate and appropriate response.
Excessive thirst and increased urination are classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
When the body cannot use glucose effectively, it tries to eliminate excess glucose through urine, leading to increased urination and subsequent thirst to combat dehydration.
Choice C rationale:
Suggesting that the child should eat more to satisfy their increased hunger is not an appropriate response.
Increased hunger can also be a symptom of diabetes, and advising the child to eat more without addressing the underlying issue of glucose regulation is not helpful.
Choice D rationale:
Weight loss is often an early symptom of diabetes, and it occurs because the body is unable to properly utilize glucose for energy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of diabetes mellitus, especially when there is a family history of the disease.
People with a family history of diabetes are at a higher risk of developing the condition due to the inheritance of certain genes that predispose them to diabetes.
These genetic factors can influence insulin production, insulin sensitivity, and glucose regulation.
The genetic component of diabetes is well-established, and research has identified specific genes associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
It's important to educate the client about the importance of monitoring their blood sugar levels and adopting a healthy lifestyle to reduce their risk, given their family history.
Choice B rationale:
Autoimmune destruction of beta cells is more associated with type 1 diabetes rather than a family history of the disease.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
While this is a critical factor in type 1 diabetes, it is not typically linked to family history as a primary risk factor.
Choice C rationale:
Insufficient insulin is a consequence of diabetes rather than a risk factor.
In diabetes, the problem is usually related to the body's inability to produce enough insulin (in type 1 diabetes) or effectively use the insulin produced (in type 2 diabetes).
Insufficient insulin is a result of the disease, not a contributing factor related to family history.
Choice D rationale:
Lack of physical activity can be a risk factor for diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, but it is not the primary factor associated with a family history of the disease.
Lack of physical activity may contribute to the development of diabetes in individuals who are already at risk due to genetic factors or other lifestyle-related factors.
It's essential to promote physical activity and a healthy lifestyle, but this is not the primary risk factor in the context of family history.
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