A nurse is assessing an outbreak of mumps among school-age children. Using the epidemiological triangle, the nurse should recognize that which of the following is the host?
The vaccine.
The virus.
The school.
The children.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: The vaccine is not the host, as it is not a living organism that can be infected by the virus. The vaccine is a preventive measure that can reduce the risk of contracting mumps by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.
Choice B reason: The virus is not the host, as it is the agent that causes the disease. The virus is a microscopic particle that can only replicate inside the cells of a living host.
Choice C reason: The school is not the host, as it is the environment that facilitates the transmission of the virus. The school is a place where many children gather and interact, which increases the exposure and contact with the virus.
Choice D reason: The children are the host, as they are the living organisms that can be infected by the virus. The children are susceptible to the virus because they may not have been vaccinated or have not developed immunity from previous exposure. The children can also spread the virus to others through respiratory droplets or saliva.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Motor vehicle safety is the topic that the nurse should give priority to, as it is the leading cause of death for adolescents. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), road traffic injuries are the top cause of death among 15- to 19-year-olds globally, accounting for 115 000 deaths in 2019¹. Adolescents are vulnerable road users, especially as drivers, passengers, pedestrians, cyclists, or motorcyclists. The nurse should educate the adolescents about the risk factors and prevention strategies for road traffic injuries, such as wearing seat belts, helmets, and reflective clothing, avoiding distractions, alcohol, and drugs, and following traffic rules and signs.
Choice B reason: Sports injury prevention is not the topic that the nurse should give priority to, as it is not the leading cause of death for adolescents. Sports injuries are common among adolescents, as they are physically active and participate in various sports and recreational activities. Sports injuries can cause pain, disability, or death, depending on the type, severity, and location of the injury. The nurse should educate the adolescents about the risk factors and prevention strategies for sports injuries, such as warming up, cooling down, stretching, using protective equipment, and seeking medical attention when needed.
Choice C reason: Substance abuse prevention is not the topic that the nurse should give priority to, as it is not the leading cause of death for adolescents. Substance abuse is the harmful use of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, or drugs, that can affect the health and well-being of adolescents. Substance abuse can cause acute or chronic effects, such as intoxication, overdose, addiction, organ damage, or mental disorders. The nurse should educate the adolescents about the risk factors and prevention strategies for substance abuse, such as avoiding peer pressure, coping with stress, seeking help, and accessing treatment.
Choice D reason: Gun safety is not the topic that the nurse should give priority to, as it is not the leading cause of death for adolescents. Gun safety is the practice of using firearms in a safe and responsible manner, to prevent accidental or intentional injuries or deaths. Gun safety can involve proper handling, storage, and disposal of firearms, as well as education and awareness about the dangers and consequences of gun violence. The nurse should educate the adolescents about the risk factors and prevention strategies for gun safety, such as avoiding access to firearms, reporting threats, and supporting non-violent solutions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: You will not be taking a once weekly dose of disulfiram to help control withdrawal symptoms during treatment. Disulfiram is a medication that causes unpleasant reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, and headache, when alcohol is consumed. It is used to deter relapse, not to treat withdrawal symptoms. It is also taken daily, not weekly.
Choice B reason: Remaining physically active will not help to minimize drowsiness and chills associated with initial alcohol withdrawal. Physical activity may worsen dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and blood pressure changes that occur during alcohol withdrawal. It may also increase the risk of seizures and delirium tremens. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, fluid and electrolyte status, and mental status, and administer medications as prescribed to manage withdrawal symptoms.
Choice C reason: Attending Al-Anon meetings will not help you identify a role model to assist you with making needed changes. Al-Anon is a support group for family members and friends of people with alcohol use disorder. It helps them cope with the effects of living with or caring for someone with alcohol problems. It does not provide role models or guidance for people with alcohol use disorder. The nurse should encourage the client to attend Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings, which are peer support groups for people who want to stop drinking.
Choice D reason: You will begin learning functional skills to replace defense mechanisms and behaviors while in treatment. This is an appropriate statement for the nurse to include in the discussion, as it reflects one of the goals of treatment for alcohol use disorder. The nurse should help the client identify and modify the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors that contribute to alcohol use. The nurse should also teach the client coping skills, stress management techniques, and relapse prevention strategies.
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