The nurse is explaining to a client diagnosed with heart failure that the client's heart muscle has thickened on the right side and is not able to fill properly.
The nurse is explaining which of the following types of heart failure?

Right and left-sided diastolic.

Right-sided systolic and diastolic.

Right-sided diastolic.

Right-sided systolic.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

Right and left-sided diastolic failure refers to impairment in ventricular relaxation in both sides of the heart. This prevents proper ventricular filling, leading to decreased cardiac output and congestion in pulmonary and systemic circuits. However, the condition described involves only the right heart, making this option incorrect scientifically.

Choice B rationale

Right-sided systolic and diastolic failure involves impaired right ventricular contraction (systolic) and relaxation (diastolic). Since the scenario specifically focuses on diastolic dysfunction alone due to ventricular thickening, systolic dysfunction is not implicated. Thus, this choice does not align with the clinical presentation given.

Choice C rationale

Right-sided diastolic failure is characterized by thickened ventricular walls (often due to hypertrophy or restrictive cardiomyopathy) that impair ventricular relaxation. This reduces ventricular filling, leading to systemic venous congestion. The described pathology fits this condition, making it the accurate answer according to the description of right-sided heart failure.

Choice D rationale

Right-sided systolic failure occurs when the heart cannot effectively pump blood out of the right ventricle due to weakened contraction. Since the described issue involves diastolic dysfunction from thickened myocardial walls, systolic dysfunction is not a feature here, rendering this option scientifically incorrect. .

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Edema of the lower extremities suggests right-sided heart failure, not left ventricular failure. Fluid backs up into systemic circulation in right-sided failure, while left-sided failure primarily affects pulmonary circulation. Differentiating between these conditions is essential for targeted management.

Choice B rationale

Pulmonary crackles result from fluid accumulation in alveoli due to left ventricular failure, where decreased cardiac output causes blood to back up into pulmonary vasculature. Crackles indicate pulmonary congestion or edema. Prompt identification aids in early intervention. Normal respiratory assessment excludes crackles.

Choice C rationale

Ascites is more indicative of chronic right-sided heart failure or liver disease, not acute left ventricular failure. Ascites results from systemic venous congestion, which is less common in isolated left-sided heart failure. Differentiating causes helps refine diagnostic focus.

Choice D rationale

Jugular vein distention is associated with elevated central venous pressure, typical of right-sided heart failure or combined heart failure. It does not specifically characterize left ventricular failure. Accurate recognition of findings ensures precise diagnosis and management.

A. Constant erythema and warmth in the legs. B. Decreased discomfort when the legs are elevated. C. Discomfort in the legs during exercise that is relieved when the client rests. D. Peripheral pulses are bounding when the legs are in the dependent position.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Constant erythema and warmth in the legs are indicative of venous insufficiency due to stagnant blood flow. PAD typically presents with cool, pale extremities as a result of reduced arterial perfusion.

Choice B rationale

Discomfort typically worsens when legs are elevated in PAD because elevation further impairs blood flow, causing ischemic pain. Relief is more commonly achieved when the legs are in a dependent position, aiding perfusion.

Choice C rationale

Pain during exercise, termed intermittent claudication, occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery to muscles. Rest alleviates symptoms as oxygen demand decreases. This hallmark feature distinguishes PAD from other circulatory disorders.

Choice D rationale

Peripheral pulses in PAD are generally diminished or absent, reflecting compromised arterial blood flow. Bounding pulses would suggest conditions such as aortic regurgitation or hyperdynamic states, not PAD.

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The nurse is explaining to a client diagnosed with heart failure that the client's heart muscle has thickened on the right side and is not able to fill properly. The nurse is explaining which of the following types of heart failure?

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The nurse is explaining to a client diagnosed with heart failure that the client's heart muscle has thickened on the right side and is not able to fill properly.
The nurse is explaining which of the following types of heart failure?