Oxygen-poor blood passes through the:
Right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves.
Right AV (tricuspid) valve only.
Left AV (mitral) and aortic valves.
Left AV (mitral) valve only.
Pulmonary and aortic valves.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Oxygen-poor blood, returning from the systemic circulation, enters the right atrium, passes through the right AV (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle, and then is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, leading to the lungs for oxygenation. Both valves are involved in this pathway.
Choice B rationale
The right AV (tricuspid) valve allows blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. However, oxygen-poor blood must also pass through the pulmonary valve to exit the right ventricle and reach the pulmonary circulation. Therefore, only stating the tricuspid valve is incomplete.
Choice C rationale
The left AV (mitral) valve and aortic valve are on the left side of the heart. The left side handles oxygenated blood returning from the lungs, pumping it into the systemic circulation. Therefore, oxygen-poor blood does not pass through these valves.
Choice D rationale
The left AV (mitral) valve regulates blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This valve is involved with oxygenated blood, not oxygen-poor blood. Thus, it is incorrect to include it in the pathway for deoxygenated blood.
Choice E rationale
The pulmonary valve allows oxygen-poor blood to exit the right ventricle, while the aortic valve allows oxygenated blood to exit the left ventricle. Therefore, stating both pulmonary and aortic valves for oxygen-poor blood is incorrect, as the aortic valve handles oxygenated blood.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is synthesized in the hypothalamus and subsequently released from the posterior pituitary gland. Its primary function involves regulating water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, thereby concentrating urine and preventing dehydration.
Choice B rationale
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a gonadotropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. In females, it triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation, while in males, it stimulates testosterone production by the Leydig cells. It is not synthesized in the hypothalamus.
Choice C rationale
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin. This tripeptide hormone plays a crucial role in regulating thyroid function and lactation through its signaling pathways.
Choice D rationale
Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH), is a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus. It inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary, playing a vital role in neuroendocrine regulation and metabolism.
Choice E rationale
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH), primarily dopamine, is synthesized in the hypothalamus. It continuously inhibits the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland, thus regulating lactation. A decrease in PIH allows for increased prolactin release, promoting milk synthesis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The pericardial fluid is a serous fluid found within the pericardial cavity, which is the space situated between the visceral pericardium (epicardium), directly adhering to the heart's surface, and the outer parietal pericardium. This fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction during cardiac contractions.
Choice B rationale
The myocardium is the thick muscular layer of the heart wall, and the epicardium is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, directly covering the myocardium. There is no fluid-filled space between these two layers; they are directly continuous.
Choice C rationale
The endocardium is the innermost lining of the heart chambers, and the myocardium is the muscular layer. These layers are directly contiguous, forming the wall of the heart, without any fluid-filled space between them.
Choice D rationale
The heart and lungs are distinct organs within the thoracic cavity. While they are in close proximity, the pericardial fluid is specific to the sac surrounding the heart, not a general fluid space between the heart and the lungs.
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