Inadequate hormone release is called hyposecretion.
It can result from.
tumors or lesions that destroy an endocrine gland.
tumors or lesions that interfere with its ability to receive signals from another gland.
inadequate stimulation of the gland.
all of the choices are correct.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice D rationale
Hyposecretion, or inadequate hormone release, can indeed result from a combination of factors. Tumors or lesions directly destroying glandular tissue (primary hyposecretion), interference with the gland's ability to receive stimulating signals (secondary hyposecretion), or inadequate trophic hormone stimulation from a higher center all lead to insufficient hormone production.
Choice A rationale
Tumors or lesions that destroy an endocrine gland directly impair its ability to synthesize and secrete hormones, leading to primary hyposecretion. For example, damage to pancreatic islet cells can cause insufficient insulin production, leading to diabetes mellitus.
Choice B rationale
Tumors or lesions that interfere with a gland's ability to receive signals from another gland, such as the pituitary, result in secondary hyposecretion. If the adrenal cortex cannot respond to ACTH due to receptor damage, it will not produce sufficient corticosteroids.
Choice C rationale
Inadequate stimulation of the gland, such as insufficient release of a trophic hormone from the pituitary or hypothalamus, leads to insufficient hormone production. For example, if the pituitary does not release enough TSH, the thyroid gland will exhibit hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Vaccination works by introducing attenuated (weakened) or inactivated forms of pathogens, or specific pathogen components (antigens), into the body. This exposure triggers the immune system to mount a primary immune response, leading to the production of antibodies and memory cells without causing the actual disease, thus providing future protection.
Choice B rationale
Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs that directly kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They are not involved in stimulating the body's immune system for long-term immunity; instead, they provide a direct therapeutic intervention against bacterial infections.
Choice C rationale
Vaccination aims to increase the body's resistance to disease, not its susceptibility. By priming the immune system with harmless forms of pathogens, vaccines enhance the body's ability to quickly and effectively combat future infections, thereby reducing susceptibility.
Choice D rationale
Vaccination does not suppress the immune system's natural response; rather, it activates and enhances it. The purpose of a vaccine is to stimulate a controlled immune response that leads to the development of immunological memory, preparing the immune system for real pathogen exposure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Impaired use, while often associated with inflammation due to pain and swelling, is a functional consequence rather than a primary cardinal sign. The classic cardinal signs, established by Celsus and later Galen, are rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain), representing direct physiological responses at the site of inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Redness (rubor) is a cardinal sign of inflammation caused by vasodilation of local arterioles. This increased blood flow, a process called hyperemia, brings more red blood cells to the affected tissue, resulting in the characteristic erythematous appearance. This physiological response is crucial for delivering immune cells and mediators.
Choice C rationale
Pain (dolor) is a cardinal sign of inflammation resulting from the stimulation of nociceptors by chemical mediators such as bradykinin, prostaglandins, and substance P. This sensory input signals tissue damage and helps to protect the injured area by limiting movement and promoting rest.
Choice D rationale
Heat (calor) is a cardinal sign of inflammation, primarily due to increased blood flow (hyperemia) to the affected area. The dilated arterioles bring more warm blood from the body's core to the surface, raising the local temperature and contributing to the overall inflammatory response.
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