Parents of a 3-year-old child diagnosed with congenital heart disease are afraid to let their child play with other children because of possible overexertion. The nurse's reply should be based on what knowledge?

The correct answer is choice A.

Choice A rationale:

Drawing is the most appropriate activity for developing fine motor skills in school-age children. Drawing involves precise hand movements, control of a writing instrument, and attention to detail. These skills contribute to fine motor skill development and hand-eye coordination.

Choice B rationale:

Singing is not directly related to fine motor skill development. While it can promote cognitive and social development, it does not require the same level of fine motor control as activities like drawing or writing.

Choice C rationale:

Swimming is a gross motor activity that focuses more on large muscle groups and overall coordination. It does not specifically target the refinement of fine motor skills.

Choice D rationale:

Soccer is also a gross motor activity that involves running, kicking, and coordination with teammates. While it promotes physical fitness and coordination, it does not emphasize the fine motor control required for activities like drawing.

The correct answer is choice D. It is a belief common at this age.

Choice A rationale:

The statement does not suggest a failed attempt to develop a conscience. The scenario described is more related to the cognitive development of an 8-year-old child. Children at this age often have magical thinking and may interpret events, such as illness, as punishments for perceived wrongdoing. This is a normal aspect of their cognitive development rather than a reflection of a failed attempt to develop a conscience.

Choice B rationale:

While beliefs about punishment and consequences are present in many religions, the scenario is not about a general religious belief but rather a specific belief held by the individual child. This belief is reflective of the child's cognitive understanding and not necessarily a religious teaching common to most religions.

Choice C rationale:

The belief is not necessarily suggestive of excessive family pressure. While family dynamics can influence a child's beliefs and behaviors, the scenario describes a typical cognitive developmental stage where children are still learning to differentiate between reality and their own thoughts, leading to magical thinking and unique interpretations.

Choice D rationale:

The belief is indeed common at this age. During middle childhood, children often exhibit concrete operational thinking, which includes a tendency to interpret events in a self-centered and concrete manner. Beliefs like the one described in the scenario, where the child connects her illness to perceived bad behavior and potential consequences, are characteristic of this developmental stage.