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Parker reasons using abstract principles of justice and equality that may conflict with society's rules and laws. He is most likely reasoning at which level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

A.

Conventional

B.

Postconventional

C.

Preconventional

D.

Preoperational

E.

Concrete operational

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Conventional:  Conventional level focuses on conformity to social rules and maintaining social order; reasoning based on personal abstract principles that may conflict with laws is beyond this level.
B. Postconventional:   postconventional moral reasoning is based on abstract principles of justice and rights that can override societal laws.
C. Preconventional:  Preconventional reasoning relies on punishment/reward and self-interest, not abstract justice principles.
D. Preoperational:  Preoperational is a Piagetian cognitive stage, not a Kohlberg moral level.
E. Concrete operational:  Concrete operational is about logical thought concerning concrete objects; Kohlberg’s moral stages are preconventional/conventional/postconventional.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A glucose test:Screens for gestational diabetes, not chromosomal abnormalities.
B. Amniocentesis:amniocentesis obtains fetal cells for karyotyping and genetic testing and is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
C. A biophysical profile:Assesses fetal well-being (movement, tone, breathing, amniotic fluid), not detailed chromosomal analysis.
D. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis:Used to screen embryos during IVF prior to implantation, not a prenatal test during a natural pregnancy.
E. Fetoscopy:An invasive visualization/possible fetal sampling procedure used rarely; amniocentesis is the standard diagnostic test for chromosomal anomalies.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS):CVS can be done early (around 10-12 weeks) to obtain fetal tissue for chromosomal/genetic testing, so it’s the usual recommendation when a woman wants early diagnosis.
B. Amniocentesis:Amniocentesis yields fetal cells for karyotyping but is typically performed later (about 15-20 weeks), not as early as 10 weeks.
C. Ultrasound:Ultrasound is noninvasive and used early to confirm pregnancy and date gestation, but it does not provide definitive chromosomal/genetic diagnosis.
D. Bayley Scales:The Bayley Scales assess infant developmental functioning after birth; they are not prenatal genetic tests.
E. Apgar test:The Apgar is an immediate post-birth newborn assessment (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration), not a prenatal diagnostic test.

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