Patient Data

The nurse is discussing the client's pain management with a student nurse.

Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statement(s) by selecting from the lists of options provided.

Morphine is a
___
and it activates
_
receptors and is used to relieve
____

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B","dropdown-group-3":"A"}

Pure opioid agonist: Morphine is classified as a pure opioid agonist because it fully binds and activates opioid receptors, particularly mu receptors, producing maximum analgesic effects for moderate to severe pain management.
Mixed opioid antagonist: Mixed opioid antagonists, like nalbuphine, both activate and block opioid receptors depending on the site. Morphine does not block opioid activity; it purely stimulates, making this choice incorrect.
Non-opioid analgesic: Non-opioid analgesics, such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs, relieve mild to moderate pain without acting on opioid receptors. Morphine’s mechanism and use are specific to the opioid class.
Partial opioid agonist: Partial agonists, such as buprenorphine, activate opioid receptors but produce a weaker response compared to pure agonists. Morphine elicits a full receptor response, differentiating it from partial agonists.
Mu: Mu receptors are the primary opioid receptors activated by morphine, leading to effects such as analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and decreased gastrointestinal motility.
Beta: Beta receptors are adrenergic receptors involved in cardiovascular responses, not pain modulation. Morphine does not interact with beta receptors.
Alpha: Alpha receptors are also part of the adrenergic system and regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. Morphine’s action is not through alpha receptor activation.
Severe pain: Morphine is most commonly used to treat moderate to severe acute or chronic pain, especially postoperative pain, cancer pain, and trauma-related injuries requiring strong opioid therapy.
Hypertension: Morphine is not indicated for treating hypertension. While it may indirectly lower blood pressure due to vasodilation and reduced sympathetic tone, it is not a therapeutic antihypertensive agent.
Depression: Morphine is not used for managing depression. Although it can induce feelings of euphoria, its clinical use is strictly for pain relief, not mood disorders.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation: These symptoms are classic anticholinergic side effects associated with many antidepressants, especially tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). They result from the blockade of muscarinic receptors and are frequently reported by clients receiving these medications.

B. Headache, jaundice, and diarrhea: While headaches can occur with antidepressant use, jaundice is rare and would suggest serious liver toxicity rather than a common side effect. Diarrhea may happen with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) but is less typical overall than anticholinergic symptoms.

C. Bradycardia, delirium, and sedation: Some antidepressants can cause sedation, but bradycardia and delirium are not common side effects across the entire antidepressant class. These would be more likely associated with toxicity or drug interactions rather than typical daily use.

D. Insomnia, hypertension, and vomiting: Insomnia can occur with certain antidepressants like SSRIs or SNRIs, but hypertension and vomiting are less consistently seen across all antidepressant classes. These symptoms are not considered the hallmark side effects of antidepressant therapy.

A. Consume foods that are high in iodine. B. Administer levothyroxine at bed time. C. Take medication on an empty stomach. D. Avoid the use of iron supplements.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Consume foods that are high in iodine: While iodine is necessary for thyroid function, levothyroxine therapy is aimed at directly replacing thyroid hormone. Excessive iodine intake can potentially disrupt thyroid hormone balance, so encouraging high iodine consumption is not the primary focus when educating about levothyroxine use.

B. Administer levothyroxine at bed time: Levothyroxine is best absorbed when taken in the morning on an empty stomach, ideally 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast. Taking it at bedtime could reduce its absorption if the stomach is not empty or if it interacts with food or other nighttime medications.

C. Take medication on an empty stomach: Levothyroxine absorption is significantly improved when the medication is taken on an empty stomach, separated from food and other medications by at least 30 to 60 minutes. This practice ensures optimal therapeutic effects and maintains stable thyroid hormone levels.

D. Avoid the use of iron supplements: While iron supplements can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine, the instruction is not necessarily to avoid them altogether, but rather to separate their administration by several hours (usually 4 hours) from the levothyroxine dose to ensure proper absorption of both.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse determines that a client has been taking antidepressants for the past six months. Which symptoms are common side effects of this medication classification?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client receives a new prescription for levothyroxine. Which statement made by the client indicates to the nurse education was effective?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A client with eczema receives a prescription for betamethasone cream. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that further teaching is needed?

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