Positive symptoms seen in schizophrenia are believed to be a result of which type of neurological dysfunction?
Cerebral atrophy of brain tissue.
Organic functional changes in the brain.
An inadequate amount of dopamine.
Increased amount of dopamine.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Cerebral atrophy is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, not schizophrenia’s positive symptoms. Hallucinations and delusions stem from dopamine hyperactivity in the mesolimbic pathway, not structural brain loss, making atrophy irrelevant to the acute psychotic symptoms described.
Choice B reason: Organic functional changes are vague and not specific to schizophrenia’s positive symptoms. Dopamine excess in the mesolimbic pathway drives hallucinations and delusions, not unspecified functional changes, making this choice too broad and inaccurate for the mechanism.
Choice C reason: Inadequate dopamine is linked to negative symptoms like apathy, due to prefrontal cortex hypofunction. Positive symptoms like hallucinations result from excessive dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway, making low dopamine an incorrect mechanism for these symptoms.
Choice D reason: Positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions in schizophrenia result from increased dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway, causing hyperactive neural signaling. This dopamine excess overstimulates D2 receptors, leading to psychotic perceptions and beliefs, accurately explaining the neurological dysfunction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Phenelzine, an MAOI, requires avoiding tyramine-rich foods, not selenium-rich foods. Tyramine interacts with MAOIs, causing hypertensive crises due to norepinephrine surges in the synaptic cleft. Selenium has no specific interaction with MAOIs, making this choice irrelevant to safe medication management.
Choice B reason: Phenelzine inhibits monoamine oxidase, increasing serotonin and norepinephrine, and interacts dangerously with many over-the-counter medications like pseudoephedrine, causing hypertensive crises. Consulting a pharmacist ensures safe choices, preventing adverse reactions due to altered neurotransmitter metabolism, reflecting effective understanding of MAOI risks.
Choice C reason: Monitoring sodium and weight is unrelated to phenelzine’s mechanism or side effects. MAOIs primarily affect monoamine neurotransmitters, not electrolytes or fluid balance. This behavior does not address the critical dietary or drug interaction precautions necessary for safe MAOI use.
Choice D reason: Support stockings and leg elevation address circulatory issues, not phenelzine’s risks. MAOIs increase monoamine levels, risking hypertensive crises with certain foods or drugs, not venous stasis. This behavior does not reflect understanding of phenelzine’s neurochemical interactions or safety requirements.
Correct Answer is ["0.3"]
Explanation
Step 1: Identify the required dose and concentration.
Required dose = 10 mg
Concentration = 40 mg/mL
Result at step 1 = 10 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL
Step 2: Calculate the volume in milliliters.
10 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL = 0.25 mL
Result at step 2 = 0.25 mL
Step 3: Round to the nearest tenth.
0.25 rounded to the nearest tenth = 0.3 mL
Result at step 3 = 0.3 mL
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