A nurse is preparing to administer lactated Ringer's 100 mL IV over 15 minutes. The nurse should set the IV infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

Choice A reason: Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic, blocks dopamine D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway, rapidly reducing agitation and psychosis-driven aggression in schizophrenia. This addresses the acute delusional behavior and amygdala hyperactivity, making it the preferred choice for immediate control.

Choice B reason: Hydroxyzine, an antihistamine, reduces anxiety via histamine and mild anticholinergic effects but lacks antipsychotic properties. It cannot address dopamine-driven delusions or aggression in schizophrenia, making it ineffective for controlling acute psychotic agitation.

Choice C reason: Valproate stabilizes mood in bipolar disorder via GABA enhancement but is not indicated for acute psychotic aggression. Schizophrenia’s dopamine excess requires rapid receptor blockade, which valproate cannot provide, making it unsuitable for this scenario.

Choice D reason: Lithium stabilizes mood in bipolar disorder by modulating sodium channels and inositol, not acute psychosis. Schizophrenia’s mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity requires antipsychotic intervention, making lithium ineffective for controlling delusional aggression in this acute situation.

Choice A reason: Questioning death’s reason reflects normal grief, involving amygdala-driven emotional processing and cortisol surges. It does not indicate complicated bereavement, which involves prolonged, impairing despair, disrupting serotonin-mediated emotional recovery after a year.

Choice B reason: Stating life has no meaning a year after loss suggests complicated bereavement, with persistent serotonin deficits and amygdala-driven despair. This indicates unresolved grief, impairing prefrontal cortex-mediated coping and emotional integration, characteristic of prolonged, dysfunctional mourning.

Choice C reason: Questioning God’s role is a normal grief response, reflecting amygdala-driven existential distress. It does not indicate complicated bereavement, which requires persistent functional impairment and serotonin dysregulation beyond the expected grief timeline of one year.

Choice D reason: Self-focused questioning is part of normal grief, driven by amygdala-anxiety and cortisol. It does not signify complicated bereavement, which involves prolonged, debilitating despair and serotonin deficits, impairing recovery and functioning beyond a year.