Radiographs were ordered for a 5-year-old boy who had his right arm injured. The radiographs show that the radius and ulna appear to be fractured on one side and slightly bent on the other.
What type of fracture is this an example of?

Impacted.

Greenstick.

Compression.

Compound.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

An impacted fracture occurs when one bone fragment is driven into another, often due to significant axial compression forces. This mechanism results in a stable fracture but can be challenging to reduce due to the interdigitation of the bone ends, potentially causing localized pain and limited range of motion.

Choice B rationale

A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture typically seen in children, where one side of the bone cortex is broken and the other side is bent. This occurs because children's bones are more flexible and cartilaginous than adult bones, allowing them to bend rather than completely break under stress.

Choice C rationale

A compression fracture results from a compressive force that causes a bone to collapse, commonly observed in the vertebrae. This type of fracture often occurs in osteoporotic bone due to reduced bone mineral density, leading to loss of vertebral body height and potential neurological deficits if spinal cord compression ensues.

Choice D rationale

A compound fracture, also known as an open fracture, involves a break in the bone where the bone fragments pierce through the skin, exposing the bone to the external environment. This significantly increases the risk of infection and requires immediate surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy to prevent osteomyelitis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used for angina and does not directly interact with contrast media to cause acute kidney injury. Its primary mechanism involves nitric oxide release, leading to smooth muscle relaxation and improved blood flow, unrelated to renal clearance of contrast.

Choice B rationale

Carvedilol is a beta-blocker that primarily affects heart rate and blood pressure. It does not have a direct interaction with iodinated contrast material that specifically increases the risk of acute kidney injury; its metabolism and excretion pathways do not significantly involve competitive renal mechanisms.

Choice C rationale

Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, interacts with iodinated contrast material. In the presence of acute kidney injury induced by the contrast, metformin can accumulate, leading to lactic acidosis. This risk is due to its renal excretion and interference with mitochondrial respiration.

Choice D rationale

Atorvastatin is a statin used for lipid lowering. It primarily undergoes hepatic metabolism and does not have a known significant interaction with iodinated contrast media that predisposes clients to acute kidney injury. Its mechanism of action is unrelated to renal elimination or nephrotoxicity with contrast.

A. Psoriasis. B. Eczema. C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. D. Acne vulgaris.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches (plaques) with well-defined borders, often on extensor surfaces like elbows and knees. It does not typically manifest as a butterfly-shaped rash on the face, differentiating it from the specified presentation.

Choice B rationale

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is an inflammatory skin condition presenting with itchy, red, and sometimes weeping or crusted patches. While it can affect the face, its distribution and appearance do not typically form the classic butterfly-shaped malar rash described.

Choice C rationale

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation. A classic dermatological manifestation is the "malar rash" or "butterfly rash" over the cheeks and bridge of the nose, resembling a sunburn, which is highly characteristic of the disease.

Choice D rationale

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition involving inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, leading to comedones, papules, pustules, and cysts. It typically affects the face, chest, and back but does not present as a distinct butterfly-shaped erythematous rash.

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Radiographs were ordered for a 5-year-old boy who had his right arm injured. The radiographs show that the radius and ulna appear to be fractured on one side and slightly bent on the other. What type of fracture is this an example of?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which disease causes a classic butterfly rash over cheeks and bridge of nose (malar rash), which looks like a sunburn?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Radiographs were ordered for a 5-year-old boy who had his right arm injured. The radiographs show that the radius and ulna appear to be fractured on one side and slightly bent on the other.
What type of fracture is this an example of?