A nurse admits a patient who has a diagnosis of acute asthma.
Which statement indicates that the patient may need teaching regarding medication use?
I became short of breath an hour before coming to the hospital.
I have been taking acetaminophen every 6 hours for chest wall pain.
I have been using my albuterol inhaler frequently over the last 4 days.
I have not had any acute asthma attacks during the past year.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
This statement describes the onset of the patient's current symptoms, which is important information for assessment but does not indicate a knowledge deficit about medication use. It simply provides context for the acute asthma exacerbation they are experiencing, assisting in understanding the disease progression.
Choice B rationale
Taking acetaminophen for chest wall pain is a symptomatic treatment and does not necessarily indicate a lack of understanding about asthma medications. Chest wall pain can be a secondary symptom of asthma exacerbation due to increased respiratory effort, and acetaminophen is a common analgesic for such discomfort.
Choice C rationale
Frequent use of a rescue inhaler, such as albuterol, over several days indicates inadequate control of asthma and a potential over-reliance on a short-acting bronchodilator. This suggests a need for teaching about proper medication use, including the role of maintenance medications and when to seek medical attention for worsening symptoms.
Choice D rationale
This statement indicates good asthma control over the past year, which is a positive outcome. It does not suggest a need for medication teaching; rather, it implies adherence to a successful management plan or a period of disease remission. This patient's statement is reassuring, not concerning.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The headache phase is the primary pain experience of a migraine, characterized by moderate to severe throbbing pain, often unilateral. This phase is associated with vasodilation of cerebral blood vessels and activation of trigeminal nerve pathways, leading to the debilitating pain and associated symptoms like photophobia and phonophobia.
Choice B rationale
The prodrome phase precedes the migraine headache by hours or days and involves subtle, non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, mood changes, neck stiffness, and food cravings. These symptoms reflect neurobiological changes in the brain that signal the impending migraine attack, providing an early warning to some individuals.
Choice C rationale
The postdrome phase, often called the "migraine hangover," occurs after the headache has resolved and can last for 24 to 48 hours. Symptoms include fatigue, difficulty concentrating, mood changes, and muscle soreness, indicating the brain's recovery process after the intense neuronal activity and inflammation of the headache phase.
Choice D rationale
The aura phase consists of focal neurological symptoms, typically visual (e.g., blind spots, flashing lights, zigzag lines), but can also include sensory (e.g., tingling, numbness) or motor disturbances. These transient symptoms precede or accompany the headache and are believed to be caused by cortical spreading depression, a wave of neuronal depolarization.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Sinus rhythm is characterized by a regular heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute, a P wave preceding every QRS complex, and a consistent PR interval. The rhythm strip shown does not meet the criteria for a normal sinus rhythm due to a prolonged PR interval, indicating a conduction delay.
Choice B rationale
Sinus rhythm with first-degree AV block is identified by a regular sinus rhythm with a prolonged PR interval (greater than 0.20 seconds). This indicates a delay in electrical impulse conduction from the atria to the ventricles through the AV node, but all atrial impulses are still conducted.
Choice C rationale
STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) is characterized by significant ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram, indicating acute myocardial injury. This specific rhythm strip does not display the characteristic ST-segment elevation associated with a STEMI.
Choice D rationale
NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) is typically characterized by ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, or non-specific ST-T wave changes, without persistent ST-segment elevation. The provided rhythm strip does not exhibit these specific ischemic changes.
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