Sarah, a 75-year-old woman with a history of COPD, has recently been experiencing frequent respiratory infections. As the nurse teaches her about the impact of aging on the immune system, which change should be emphasized?

Reduction in saliva production

Thickening of the skin

Weakening of the periosteum

Reduced ciliary action in the respiratory tract

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Reduction in saliva production is not directly related to the immune system; it's more associated with oral health.
B.   Thickening of the skin is a normal part of aging but is not directly related to the immune system.
C.   Weakening of the periosteum refers to the outer layer of bone, and while it can occur with aging, it's not directly relevant to the immune system.
D.   Reduced ciliary action in the respiratory tract is a common age-related change that can compromise the body's ability to clear pathogens and debris from the respiratory system, thus increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Multiple rib fractures are unlikely to enhance gas diffusion; instead, they can impair ventilation by reducing the ability of the chest wall to expand.
B. Multiple rib fractures can indeed increase the workload of the diaphragm as it tries to compensate for the decreased ability of the chest wall to expand during breathing.

C. Multiple rib fractures can restrict chest wall movement, leading to compromised ventilation efficiency.
D. Multiple rib fractures wouldn't directly improve pulmonary blood supply; they can lead to pain and impaired lung function.

A. Schedule her for a radical neck dissection. B. Initiate radiation therapy. C. Discontinue Lisinopril and initiate a diuretic. D. Administer a PET scan. E. Provide dietary counseling for weight management.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Radical neck dissection is a surgical procedure that removes the lymph nodes and other structures in the neck, and it is usually reserved for advanced cases or when radiation therapy fails.
B. Radiation therapy is often the main treatment for laryngeal cancer, as it can preserve the voice of the patient and avoid surgery.
C. Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that can cause a dry cough as a side effect, but it does not need to be discontinued unless there is another indication.
D. A PET scan can help determine the extent of cancer spread and guide treatment planning.

E. Dietary counseling is important to prevent malnutrition and dehydration, as dysphagia can impair oral intake.

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Sarah, a 75-year-old woman with a history of COPD, has recently been experiencing frequent respiratory infections. As the nurse teaches her about the impact of aging on the immune system, which change should be emphasized?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

George, a 15-year-old man, is brought to the ESL with multiple rib fractures following a motor vehicle accident. How could this injury affect his respiratory system?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

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