A 62-year-old man named John with a history of COPD is admitted for worsening shortness of breath. John's recent arterial blood gas (ABG) Indicates a PaCO2 level of 55 mmHg. Which of the following mechanisms is most compromised In John's respiratory system?

Mucociliary clearance system

Chemoreceptors response to changes in PaCO2

Reflex bronchoconstriction

Filtration of air

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   While impaired mucociliary clearance can contribute to respiratory symptoms in COPD, it is not directly reflected in the PaCO2 level.
B.   In COPD, the respiratory drive can be blunted, leading to inadequate response to elevated PaCO2 levels by the chemoreceptors.
C.   Reflex bronchoconstriction may occur in response to various stimuli but is not directly related to the PaCO2 level.
D.   Filtration of air primarily refers to the removal of particulate matter and pathogens by the respiratory system and is not directly related to PaCO2 levels.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Colorectal cancer could be a concern but is not the immediate concern when a patient presents with black, tarry stools, which typically indicate upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
B. Antacids do not typically cause black, tarry stools.
C. Consuming too much fiber may cause changes in stool consistency but is not typically associated with black, tarry stools.
D. Black, tarry stools are often indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be serious and requires immediate medical attention.

A. Alveolar macrophages B. Mucociliary clearance system C. Reflex bronchoconstriction D. Filtration of air

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Alveolar macrophages are involved in immune defense within the lungs but are not directly responsible for bronchospasm.
B. This system helps remove mucus and trapped particles from the airways but does not directly cause bronchospasm.

C. Exposure to cold air can trigger reflex bronchoconstriction as a protective mechanism to prevent the entry of cold air into the lungs.
D. Filtration of air occurs primarily in the upper airways and does not directly relate to bronchospasm triggered by cold air inhalation.

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A 62-year-old man named John with a history of COPD is admitted for worsening shortness of breath. John's recent arterial blood gas (ABG) Indicates a PaCO2 level of 55 mmHg. Which of the following mechanisms is most compromised In John's respiratory system?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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Explanation

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