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Seasonal Affective Disorder is a disturbance of mood and behavior accompanied by at least 5 key features for at least 2 weeks.

A.

True

B.

False

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a subtype of major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern, requiring at least two major depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern over two years, not necessarily five key features for two weeks. The diagnostic criteria involve symptoms like low mood, anhedonia, and fatigue, but the two-week duration with five symptoms applies to major depression generally, not specifically SAD, which emphasizes seasonal recurrence.

Choice B reason: The statement is false because Seasonal Affective Disorder is defined by recurrent depressive episodes tied to specific seasons, typically winter, rather than a strict requirement of five key features for two weeks. SAD involves symptoms like hypersomnia and carbohydrate craving, but the diagnostic focus is on the seasonal pattern, not the exact symptom count or duration stated.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Echinacea is used for immune support and has no significant interaction with paroxetine, an SSRI that increases serotonin by inhibiting reuptake. Echinacea’s effects on cytokine production do not alter serotonin metabolism or CYP450 enzymes, which paroxetine relies on for clearance, making it a safe supplement in this context.

Choice B reason: Ginkgo enhances cerebral blood flow but has minimal interaction with paroxetine. It may affect platelet aggregation, but paroxetine’s serotonin reuptake inhibition is primarily metabolized via CYP2D6, unaffected by ginkgo’s mechanisms. No significant pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions occur, making this supplement safe for concurrent use with paroxetine.

Choice C reason: St. John’s Wort induces CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, accelerating paroxetine metabolism, an SSRI reliant on CYP2D6. This reduces paroxetine’s efficacy, lowering serotonin levels and risking treatment failure for depression. It also increases serotonin syndrome risk due to additive serotonergic effects, making it a critical interaction to avoid.

Choice D reason: Saw palmetto, used for prostate health, has no significant interaction with paroxetine. It primarily affects androgen pathways, not serotonin metabolism or CYP2D6, which paroxetine uses for clearance. No pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic conflicts arise, making saw palmetto a safe supplement for clients taking paroxetine for depression.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Diarrhea and weight gain are less common with SSRIs. While some SSRIs may cause gastrointestinal upset via serotonin receptor stimulation in the gut, weight gain is more associated with atypical antipsychotics. SSRIs primarily affect serotonin reuptake, leading to central and anticholinergic-like effects, not these symptoms predominantly.

Choice B reason: SSRIs, by inhibiting serotonin reuptake, cause dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth due to central nervous system effects and mild anticholinergic activity. Dizziness and drowsiness result from serotonin modulation in the brainstem, while dry mouth reflects peripheral serotonin effects on salivary glands, making these the most common side effects.

Choice C reason: Convulsions and respiratory difficulties are rare with SSRIs. Seizures may occur in overdose due to excessive serotonin, but not typically at therapeutic doses. Respiratory issues are not associated, as SSRIs primarily affect serotonin pathways, not respiratory centers, making this choice inaccurate for common side effects.

Choice D reason: Jaundice and agranulocytosis are not common SSRI side effects. These are associated with drugs like chlorpromazine, affecting liver or bone marrow. SSRIs primarily cause serotonin-related central and peripheral effects, not hepatotoxicity or bone marrow suppression, making this choice irrelevant to their pharmacological profile.

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