(Select all that apply): A nurse is establishing a therapeutic relationship with a patient at risk for suicide. Which of the following skills should the nurse use to build rapport and trust with the patient? 

Choice A rationale:

Leaving the client alone to give them space is not a suitable intervention for someone with a history of suicide attempts and depression. Isolation can increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts, and the client needs close monitoring and support during this vulnerable time.

Choice B rationale:

Removing any potential means of self-harm from the client's environment is essential. This intervention helps reduce the immediate risk by limiting access to harmful items. It's a crucial step in creating a safer environment for the client and preventing impulsive acts of self-harm.

Choice C rationale:

Encouraging the client to confront their feelings of hopelessness is important, but it should be done in a supportive and therapeutic manner. Simply telling someone to confront their feelings without appropriate guidance can be overwhelming and unproductive.

Choice D rationale:

Telling the client that they should be grateful for what they have minimizes their emotional experience and does not address the complexity of depression and suicidal ideation. This statement lacks empathy and understanding of the client's struggles.

Choice A rationale:

Being extroverted is not a common risk factor associated with suicide and suicidal ideation. Extroverted individuals typically have strong social interactions and connections, which are often considered protective factors against suicide.

Choice B rationale:

Having strong family support is not a common risk factor for suicide. In fact, strong family support is generally considered a protective factor that can mitigate the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Close familial relationships can provide emotional support and a sense of belonging.

Choice C rationale:

Experiencing chronic physical illness is a common risk factor for suicide. Chronic physical illness can lead to prolonged suffering, decreased quality of life, and feelings of hopelessness, which are all associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation.

Choice D rationale:

Having a history of positive life events is not a common risk factor for suicide. Positive life events are more likely to act as protective factors against suicide, as they contribute to an individual's overall well-being and resilience.

Choice E rationale:

Suffering from a substance use disorder is a common risk factor for suicide. Substance abuse can impair judgment, increase impulsivity, exacerbate emotional distress, and weaken the individual's ability to cope effectively, all of which contribute to an elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.