(Select all that apply): A nurse is preparing to perform sterile suctioning on a patient. Which of the following are types of suctioning catheters commonly used for this procedure? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale:

Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis, which is a crucial structure in protecting the airway during swallowing. Suctioning in patients with a history of epiglottitis can be dangerous because it can cause further irritation and swelling of the epiglottis, potentially leading to airway obstruction and respiratory distress. Therefore, sterile suctioning is contraindicated in patients with a history of epiglottitis.

Choice B rationale:

Laryngeal edema refers to swelling of the larynx, which can also compromise the airway. While it is essential to monitor and manage laryngeal edema carefully, it is not an absolute contraindication for sterile suctioning. In some cases, suctioning may be necessary to maintain a patent airway, but it should be performed with caution and by experienced personnel.

Choice C rationale:

Difficulty clearing secretions is a common indication for sterile suctioning. Patients who have difficulty clearing their secretions may need suctioning to prevent the accumulation of mucus and maintain a clear airway. Therefore, this statement does not indicate a contraindication for the procedure.

Choice D rationale:

Using an artificial airway at night, such as a tracheostomy tube, indicates that the patient may require suctioning to maintain airway patency. While having an artificial airway increases the risk of infection and other complications, it is not a contraindication for sterile suctioning if clinically indicated.

Choice A rationale:

Rinsing the catheter and tubing with saline after each suction pass is not a standard practice and is not necessary for sterile suctioning.

Choice B rationale:

Inserting the catheter into the artificial airway using sterile technique is crucial to maintain the integrity of the procedure and prevent infections.

Choice C rationale:

Limiting each suction pass to no more than 10 seconds helps to prevent complications such as hypoxia and tissue damage.

Choice D rationale:

Providing oral or nasal care after suctioning helps maintain the patient's airway, promote comfort, and prevent infections.

Choice E rationale:

Applying continuous suction while withdrawing the catheter is not recommended as it can cause trauma to the airway and should be avoided during sterile suctioning.