Select the correct statements regarding drug-resistant TB. Select all that apply:
MDR-TB is resistant to at least INH and RIF.
XDR-TB is resistant to all first-line drugs and at least one second-line injectable drug.
RR-TB is resistant to RIF alone or in combination with other drugs.
Drug-resistant TB is more common in infants and children.
Drug-resistant TB requires more prolonged treatment with additional drugs. .
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Choice A rationale:
MDR-TB stands for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and it is resistant to at least two of the most potent first-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid (INH), and rifampicin (RIF) This resistance makes the treatment of MDR-TB more challenging and requires the use of second-line drugs.
Choice B rationale:
XDR-TB stands for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, and it is resistant to all first-line anti-TB drugs (INH and RIF) and at least one of the second-line injectable drugs (e.g., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin) XDR-TB is even more challenging to treat than MDR-TB and requires the use of third-line drugs.
Choice C rationale:
RR-TB refers to rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. It is resistant to rifampicin alone or in combination with other drugs but still susceptible to isoniazid. Rifampicin resistance is a critical indicator for diagnosing MDR-TB.
Choice D rationale:
This statement is incorrect. Drug-resistant TB is not more common in infants and children. It can affect individuals of any age, especially those who have received inadequate or inappropriate treatment for TB, leading to the development of drug resistance.
Choice E rationale:
This statement is correct. Drug-resistant TB requires more prolonged treatment compared to drug-sensitive TB. Treatment for drug-resistant TB can take months to years and often involves a combination of second and third-line drugs, which may have more side effects and require careful monitoring.
Hepatitis.
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Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The nurse should monitor vital signs, pain level, neurological status, and eye function for a client with shingles to assess for any complications or worsening of the condition. Vital signs may indicate signs of infection, pain level may help assess the effectiveness of pain management, neurological status can indicate any neurological complications, and eye function is important as shingles affecting the ophthalmic nerve can lead to eye complications.
Choice B rationale:
Administering medications as prescribed is crucial to manage the symptoms and complications of shingles. Antiviral medications can help reduce the severity and duration of the outbreak, while pain medications may be necessary to alleviate discomfort. The nurse should also monitor for adverse effects to ensure the client's safety during treatment.
Choice D rationale:
Isolating the patient until all lesions are crusted over is necessary to prevent the spread of the varicella-zoster virus, which causes shingles. Direct contact with vesicles can lead to transmission of the virus to susceptible individuals, particularly those who have not had chickenpox or received the varicella vaccine.
Choice E rationale:
Providing comfort measures is essential in managing the symptoms of shingles. Cool compresses can help relieve pain and inflammation, loose clothing can prevent irritation of the affected area, distraction techniques can divert the client's attention from discomfort, and relaxation methods can help reduce stress and promote healing.
Choice C rationale:
Encouraging the client to scratch the affected area is not appropriate care for shingles. Scratching can lead to skin damage, increase the risk of infection, and potentially worsen the condition. It is essential to advise against scratching and promote gentle care of the affected area instead.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)" This statement is correct. The Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is more specific than the tuberculin skin test (TST) in detecting TB infection. It measures the release of interferon-gamma in response to TB antigens and does not cross-react with other mycobacteria or the BCG vaccine.
Choice B rationale:
"Sputum smear microscopy." Sputum smear microscopy is a diagnostic test used to identify acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum samples. While it is essential for diagnosing active pulmonary TB, it is not more specific than the IGRA for detecting TB infection.
Choice C rationale:
"Chest x-ray." Chest X-ray is a valuable diagnostic tool to identify pulmonary abnormalities associated with TB infection, such as infiltrates and cavities. However, it is not more specific than the IGRA in detecting TB infection.
Choice D rationale:
"Sputum culture." Sputum culture is a gold standard diagnostic test for confirming active TB disease and identifying the specific strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it is highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing active TB, it is not more specific than the IGRA for detecting TB infection.
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