Symptom management for children who are dying is a challenging and often the responsibility of the pediatric nurse. Research has shown that only 27% of dying children experience relief from which common symptom is experienced during the child's last weeks of life?
Fatigue
Respiratory distress
Pain
Poor appetite
The Correct Answer is C
A. Fatigue is a common symptom in terminally ill children, but it is not the one identified in research as receiving the least relief.
B. Respiratory distress is also common, especially in the final days, but symptom relief is typically addressed through oxygen therapy or medications like opioids or benzodiazepines.
C. Pain is one of the most commonly reported and under-relieved symptoms in dying children. Studies have shown that despite available pain management strategies, only about 27% of children receive adequate pain relief in their final weeks. This highlights the need for better pediatric palliative care practices.
D. Poor appetite is expected and typically accepted as part of the dying process, and while distressing to families, it is not the most inadequately managed symptom.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cochlear implants are used to treat sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Conductive hearing loss is usually treated with medical or surgical intervention, such as tubes or hearing aids.
B. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves cannot effectively reach the inner ear, often due to fluid, wax, or structural issues. Otitis media with effusion (fluid in the middle ear without infection) is a common cause of temporary conductive hearing loss in children.
C. Auditory nerve damage causes sensorineural hearing loss, not conductive.
D. While some hearing losses are inherited, conductive hearing loss is typically caused by external or middle ear problems, not genetic factors.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","F"]
Explanation
A. Morphine sulfate is used to calm the infant and reduce respiratory effort, which decreases right-to-left shunting of blood and helps improve oxygenation during a "Tet spell."
B. Administering IV fluids increases preload, which can help reduce the severity of the right-to-left shunting by promoting more blood flow to the lungs.
C. Calling a code blue is not typically the first step unless the infant becomes unresponsive or pulseless. Tet spells can often be managed effectively with prompt nursing interventions.
D. Placing the infant in a knee-to-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which reduces right-to-left shunting and improves oxygenation.
E. Bronchodilators are used for bronchospasm-related respiratory issues (e.g., asthma), not congenital heart defects like Tetralogy of Fallot.
F. Administering 100% oxygen by face mask helps improve oxygen saturation, although it is not the primary treatment, it supports oxygenation during the episode.
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