The pediatric nurse is caring for a 2-year-old with a respiratory rate of 42 breaths per minute and a FLACC score 8. Which acid-base imbalance does the pediatric team expect to find with sustained tachypnea?

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation, where CO₂ is retained, leading to increased carbonic acid and decreased blood pH. This is the opposite of what is expected with tachypnea.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is typically caused by loss of gastric acid (e.g., vomiting) or excessive bicarbonate intake, not by altered respiratory rates.
C. Metabolic acidosis occurs in conditions such as diarrhea, renal failure, or diabetic ketoacidosis—not directly from changes in respiratory rate.
D. Sustained tachypnea (rapid breathing), especially in a child, leads to excessive exhalation of CO₂, reducing carbonic acid levels and raising blood pH, resulting in respiratory alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Immunoglobulin E is involved in allergic reactions and is not used in the treatment of Kawasaki disease. Heparin is an anticoagulant and not typically indicated in KD treatment.
B. Immunoglobulin G is used in KD, but ACE inhibitors are not part of the standard treatment regimen for this condition.
C. Immunoglobulin E is incorrect, and while ibuprofen is an NSAID, aspirin is preferred in Kawasaki disease due to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties.
D. The standard treatment for Kawasaki disease includes intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) and aspirin. IVIG helps reduce inflammation and the risk of coronary artery aneurysms, while aspirin reduces fever, inflammation, and prevents blood clots.

A. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is greater than or equal to 80% of the predicted value. B. Daytime symptoms occur more than twice a week. C. Nighttime symptoms occur approximately twice a month. D. Minor limitations occur with normal activity E. Symptoms are continuous throughout the day

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. In mild persistent asthma, PEF is typically ≥80% of the predicted value, indicating relatively good lung function.

B. Daytime symptoms occur more than twice a week but not daily in mild persistent asthma.

C. Nighttime symptoms in mild persistent asthma occur more than twice a month (often 3–4 times per month), not just twice a month.

D. There are minor limitations in normal activity with mild persistent asthma.

E. Continuous symptoms throughout the day characterize moderate or severe persistent asthma, not mild persistent asthma.

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The pediatric nurse is caring for a 2-year-old with a respiratory rate of 42 breaths per minute and a FLACC score 8. Which acid-base imbalance does the pediatric team expect to find with sustained tachypnea?

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The nurse is caring for a child with Kawasaki disease (KD). A student nurse on the unit asks if there are medications to treat this disease. The nurse's response to the student nurse is:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

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