The antitubercular drug isoniazid is prescribed for a client with active tuberculosis.
To evaluate the effectiveness of this medication, which outcome can the nurse expect this client to exhibit?

Decreased appetite and weight loss.

Decreased cough and sputum.

Vertigo and tinnitus.

A positive sputum smear and culture.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice B rationale:

Isoniazid's Mechanism of Action:

It targets and inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

By disrupting cell wall formation, isoniazid prevents bacterial growth and multiplication, leading to the suppression and eventual eradication of the infection.

Clinical Manifestations of Active TB:

Persistent cough, often productive of sputum (phlegm), is a hallmark symptom of TB. The sputum may contain blood or have a rusty-colored appearance.

Other common symptoms include fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, and chest pain. How Isoniazid Reduces Cough and Sputum:

As isoniazid effectively kills the TB bacteria, the inflammatory process within the lungs subsides.

This leads to a gradual decrease in the production of sputum, which is a direct result of the inflammatory response. Consequently, the frequency and severity of coughing episodes also diminish.

Monitoring Treatment Response:

Regular sputum smears and cultures are essential to assess the response to treatment.

A positive sputum smear indicates the presence of live TB bacteria, while a positive culture confirms their growth in the laboratory.

A gradual decrease in the number of bacteria seen on sputum smears, followed by negative cultures, signals a favorable response to treatment.

Timeframe for Improvement:

It's important to note that clinical improvement, including a reduction in cough and sputum, may not be immediately evident. It typically takes several weeks of consistent isoniazid therapy to achieve noticeable results.

Therefore, adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen is crucial for successful TB eradication. Addressing Other Choices:

Choice A: Decreased appetite and weight loss are often associated with active TB due to systemic inflammation and nutritional deficiencies. While isoniazid treatment may indirectly improve appetite and weight gain over time, these are not primary indicators of its effectiveness in suppressing the TB infection itself.

Choice C: Vertigo and tinnitus are potential side effects of isoniazid, but they do not reflect its efficacy in treating TB.

Choice D: A positive sputum smear and culture would indicate ongoing TB infection and a lack of response to treatment.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F","G"]

Explanation

The correct answer is choiceb. Identify the client using 2 client identifiers,c. Perform hand hygiene,e. Don gloves,f. Check the skin around the face, andg. Assess respiratory function.

Choice A rationale:

Determining if the client needs to go to the bathroom is not directly related to the immediate preparation for oxygen administration. However, it can be considered as part of overall patient comfort and care.

Choice B rationale:

Identifying the client using 2 client identifiers is crucial to ensure the correct patient is receiving the correct treatment, which is a standard safety protocol in healthcare settings.

Choice C rationale:

Performing hand hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of infection and maintain a sterile environment.

Choice D rationale:

Brushing the client’s teeth is not a necessary step before applying a simple face mask for oxygen administration. It is more related to general oral hygiene.

Choice E rationale:

Donning gloves is important to protect both the nurse and the patient from potential contamination and infection.

Choice F rationale:

Checking the skin around the face is important to ensure there are no existing sores or irritations that could be exacerbated by the mask.

Choice G rationale:

Assessing respiratory function is critical to determine the patient’s baseline respiratory status and to monitor the effectiveness of the oxygen therapy.

A. Measure oxygen saturation. B. Auscultate bowel sounds. C. Assess body temperature. D. Check serum creatinine.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Measuring oxygen saturation is not directly relevant to the administration of vancomycin or the monitoring of its potential side effects. While oxygen saturation is important to assess in patients with respiratory concerns, it does not provide information about kidney function, which is essential for safe vancomycin use.

Choice B rationale:

Auscultating bowel sounds, while a part of general abdominal assessment, is not the most crucial action before administering vancomycin. Vancomycin is not known to have significant effects on bowel motility, and its primary concern is nephrotoxicity.

Choice C rationale:

Assessing body temperature can be helpful in evaluating for infection, but it is not the most specific or sensitive indicator of vancomycin-related adverse effects. Fever can be a sign of various conditions, and it does not directly assess kidney function.

Choice D rationale:

Checking serum creatinine is the most essential action before administering vancomycin because it allows for assessment of kidney function. Vancomycin is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and impaired renal function can lead to elevated drug levels and increased risk of nephrotoxicity. By checking serum creatinine, the nurse can ensure that the patient's kidney function is adequate to safely excrete vancomycin and can adjust the dosage or frequency of administration if necessary.

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The antitubercular drug isoniazid is prescribed for a client with active tuberculosis.To evaluate the effectiveness of this medication, which outcome can the nurse expect this client to exhibit?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration and apply the simple face mask. What should the nurse do before applying the face mask? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F","G"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The antitubercular drug isoniazid is prescribed for a client with active tuberculosis.
To evaluate the effectiveness of this medication, which outcome can the nurse expect this client to exhibit?