The chest x-ray for a client who is admitted for pneumonia shows a pleural effusion with decreased air flow in the entire left upper lobe. After auscultating the left upper lobe, which breath sounds documented by the nurse verify the x-ray findings?

Crackles or coarse rales.

Pleural friction rub.

Low pitched, sonorous rhonchi.

Diminished breath sounds.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Crackles or coarse rales are typically associated with fluid in the airways, such as in cases of congestive heart failure or pneumonia, but they do not directly indicate a pleural effusion.

Choice B reason: A pleural friction rub is associated with pleuritis, where the inflamed pleurae rub against each other. It does not indicate decreased air flow in a specific lobe.

Choice C reason: Low pitched, sonorous rhonchi are related to secretions in the larger airways and are not specific to a pleural effusion or decreased air flow in one lobe.

Choice D reason: Diminished breath sounds in the left upper lobe are consistent with a pleural effusion, as the fluid can reduce air flow and sound transmission in that area. This finding directly correlates with the x-ray results showing decreased air flow in the entire left upper lobe.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Stool with fatty streaks is not a common finding in ulcerative colitis. It is more associated with malabsorption syndromes.

Choice B reason: Blood in the stool is a significant finding in ulcerative colitis, especially during an acute exacerbation. It indicates active inflammation and potential bleeding in the colon, which requires immediate attention and intervention.

Choice C reason: Clay-coloured stool usually indicates a problem with the bile ducts or liver, such as bile duct obstruction. It is not specific to ulcerative colitis.

Choice D reason: Hard pellets of stool indicate constipation, which is not typically associated with ulcerative colitis, especially during an acute exacerbation where diarrhea is more common.

A. Upper midabdominal pain described as gnawing and burning. B. Marked loss of weight and appetite over the last 3 or 4 months. C. Severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea after eating spicy foods. D. Frequent use of chewable and liquid antacids for indigestion.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Upper midabdominal pain described as gnawing and burning is a classic symptom of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). This type of pain is typically located in the epigastric region and is often relieved by eating or taking antacids, which aligns with the presentation of PUD.

Choice B reason: Marked loss of weight and appetite over the last 3 or 4 months can occur in various gastrointestinal conditions, but it is not specific enough to support a diagnosis of PUD. This symptom alone does not provide enough evidence for PUD.

Choice C reason: Severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea after eating spicy foods might indicate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or another gastrointestinal condition. These symptoms are not typically associated with PUD.

Choice D reason: Frequent use of chewable and liquid antacids for indigestion can indicate chronic gastrointestinal discomfort, but it does not specifically point to PUD. It suggests ongoing gastric issues but lacks specificity for diagnosing PUD.

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The chest x-ray for a client who is admitted for pneumonia shows a pleural effusion with decreased air flow in the entire left upper lobe. After auscultating the left upper lobe, which breath sounds documented by the nurse verify the x-ray findings?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with ulcerative colitis is admitted to the medical unit during an acute exacerbation. The nurse should instruct the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to report which finding related to the client's bowel movements?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is obtaining the admission history for a client with suspected peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which subjective data reported by the client supports this medical diagnosis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is obtaining vital sign measurements every 15 minutes for a client who had an emergency appendectomy and currently has a temperature of 101.4°F (38.6°C). Which vital sign measurements should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?

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