The citric acid cycle occurs in the ______ and results in ________ ATP molecules.
cytoplasm; 2
cytoplasm; 30
mitochondria; 2
mitochondria; 28
The Correct Answer is C
A. cytoplasm; 2: The cytoplasm is where glycolysis occurs, producing 2 ATP molecules per glucose. The citric acid cycle does not take place in the cytoplasm.
B. cytoplasm; 30: The citric acid cycle does not occur in the cytoplasm, and it does not directly produce 30 ATP; this higher yield comes from combined cellular respiration including the electron transport chain.
C. mitochondria; 2: The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each turn of the cycle produces 1 ATP (or GTP) per acetyl-CoA; since one glucose yields 2 acetyl-CoA, a total of 2 ATP are produced directly by the citric acid cycle.
D. mitochondria; 28: While the citric acid cycle generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂) that lead to ATP production in the electron transport chain, the cycle itself directly produces only 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. fibroblasts:Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells responsible for producing extracellular matrix and collagen. They are not part of the epithelium and do not enhance absorptive surface area.
B. thin and permeable:While simple columnar epithelium is relatively thin to allow some absorption, this characteristic alone does not significantly increase surface area for efficient nutrient uptake.
C. dense microvilli:Microvilli are finger-like projections on the apical surface of simple columnar epithelial cells. Their dense arrangement forms the brush border, greatly increasing surface area and enhancing absorption in the small intestine.
D. cilia:Cilia are hair-like structures that move substances across the epithelial surface, such as mucus in the respiratory tract. They do not increase surface area for absorption and are not a feature of absorptive digestive epithelium.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. always under voluntary control:Not all muscle tissue is under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle is voluntary, but cardiac and smooth muscles are involuntary, functioning independently of conscious control.
B. is a single-celled tissue:Muscle tissue is not composed of a single cell type. Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated, cardiac muscle cells are branched with intercalated discs, and smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped, showing structural diversity.
C. cuboidal shape enhances function:Muscle cells are elongated, not cuboidal. Their elongated shape allows efficient contraction and force generation, which would not be possible with cuboidal-shaped cells.
D. highly cellular and well vascularized:Muscle tissue consists mostly of cells with minimal extracellular matrix and requires a rich blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients for sustained contraction, making this the accurate statement.
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