Which term describes the action of an endurance runner the night before the race as she "carbo-loads" when eating a large pasta dinner?
glycogenesis
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
The Correct Answer is A
A. glycogenesis: Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles. When an endurance runner “carbo-loads,” she increases glycogen stores to provide a readily available energy source during prolonged exercise.
B. glycolysis: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate to produce ATP for immediate energy needs. It does not refer to storing glucose for future use, as occurs during carbo-loading.
C. gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol, typically occurring during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake, not during carbohydrate loading.
D. glycogenolysis: Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose to supply energy during fasting or exercise, which is the opposite of the storage process during carbo-loading.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, lipolysis:Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and lipolysis is the breakdown of fats. Neither represents the complete oxidation of glucose for energy production.
B. glycogenesis, lipogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation of the electron transport chain:Glycogenesis and lipogenesis involve the storage of glucose and fat, respectively, rather than its breakdown for ATP production.
C. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation of the electron transport chain:Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm. The citric acid cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA derived from pyruvate, producing NADH and FADH₂. These coenzymes then donate electrons in the electron transport chain for oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP, completing glucose oxidation.
D. lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation:These processes involve the breakdown of fats and glycogen, not the full oxidation of glucose, so they do not represent the standard cellular respiration pathway.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. areolar CT:Areolar connective tissue provides support and flexibility beneath epithelial layers but does not line tubular structures like the kidney tubules.
B. simple columnar ET:Simple columnar epithelium is specialized for absorption and secretion in areas like the gastrointestinal tract. Its taller cells are not suited for the thin, absorptive lining required in kidney tubules.
C. nonkeratinized stratified squamous ET:This epithelium protects against abrasion in areas such as the esophagus and oral cavity, but its multiple layers and thickness make it inappropriate for kidney tubules where rapid exchange occurs.
D. simple squamous ET:Simple squamous epithelium allows rapid diffusion and is found in structures like the glomerulus, but it is too thin for the majority of the kidney tubules, which require more absorptive and secretory capacity.
E. simple cuboidal ET:Simple cuboidal epithelium forms the lining of most kidney tubules. Its cube-shaped cells provide the surface area necessary for absorption and secretion while maintaining a single-cell layer for efficient transport of substances.
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