Which term describes the action of an endurance runner the night before the race as she "carbo-loads" when eating a large pasta dinner?
glycogenesis
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
The Correct Answer is A
A. glycogenesis: Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles. When an endurance runner “carbo-loads,” she increases glycogen stores to provide a readily available energy source during prolonged exercise.
B. glycolysis: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate to produce ATP for immediate energy needs. It does not refer to storing glucose for future use, as occurs during carbo-loading.
C. gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol, typically occurring during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake, not during carbohydrate loading.
D. glycogenolysis: Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose to supply energy during fasting or exercise, which is the opposite of the storage process during carbo-loading.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. organism:An organism is the entire living being composed of multiple organ systems working together, not a single group of similar cells.
B. organ system:An organ system consists of multiple organs that perform related functions, but it is a higher level of organization than a single tissue.
C. tissue:Tissue is a group of cells with similar structure that work together to perform a specific or related function, such as muscle tissue contracting or epithelial tissue providing protection.
D. organ:An organ is composed of multiple tissue types working together to perform complex functions, making it a larger structural unit than a tissue.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. metaphase plate:The metaphase plate is the imaginary plane in the middle of the cell where chromosomes align during metaphase. It does not involve actin filaments or the separation of daughter cells.
B. cleavage furrow:The cleavage furrow is formed by a contractile ring of actin filaments that tightens to constrict the cell membrane. This process physically separates the cytoplasm, resulting in two distinct daughter cells during cytokinesis.
C. mitotic spindle:The mitotic spindle is composed of microtubules that attach to chromosomes and move them during mitosis. It functions in chromosome segregation, not in the physical pinching of the cytoplasm.
D. centrosome:The centrosome is the microtubule-organizing center that helps form the mitotic spindle. While crucial in mitosis, it does not participate in the contraction needed for cell cleavage.
E. centromere:The centromere is the region where sister chromatids are attached and where spindle fibers connect during chromosome separation. It plays no role in the actin-driven division of the cytoplasm.
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