Which term describes the action of an endurance runner the night before the race as she "carbo-loads" when eating a large pasta dinner?
glycogenesis
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
The Correct Answer is A
A. glycogenesis: Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles. When an endurance runner “carbo-loads,” she increases glycogen stores to provide a readily available energy source during prolonged exercise.
B. glycolysis: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate to produce ATP for immediate energy needs. It does not refer to storing glucose for future use, as occurs during carbo-loading.
C. gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol, typically occurring during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake, not during carbohydrate loading.
D. glycogenolysis: Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose to supply energy during fasting or exercise, which is the opposite of the storage process during carbo-loading.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. fibroblasts:Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells responsible for producing extracellular matrix and collagen. They are not part of the epithelium and do not enhance absorptive surface area.
B. thin and permeable:While simple columnar epithelium is relatively thin to allow some absorption, this characteristic alone does not significantly increase surface area for efficient nutrient uptake.
C. dense microvilli:Microvilli are finger-like projections on the apical surface of simple columnar epithelial cells. Their dense arrangement forms the brush border, greatly increasing surface area and enhancing absorption in the small intestine.
D. cilia:Cilia are hair-like structures that move substances across the epithelial surface, such as mucus in the respiratory tract. They do not increase surface area for absorption and are not a feature of absorptive digestive epithelium.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. synovial membrane:Synovial membranes line the cavities of freely movable joints and secrete synovial fluid for lubrication. They do not surround the heart or other internal organs.
B. serous membrane:The heart is surrounded by the pericardium, which is a serous membrane. This double-layered membrane produces serous fluid to reduce friction as the heart beats within the thoracic cavity.
C. cutaneous membrane:The cutaneous membrane refers to the skin, which covers the external surface of the body. It does not enclose internal organs like the heart.
D. mucus membrane:Mucus membranes line body cavities that open to the exterior, such as the respiratory and digestive tracts, and secrete mucus to protect and lubricate surfaces. They are not associated with the heart.
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