Which term describes the action of an endurance runner the night before the race as she "carbo-loads" when eating a large pasta dinner?
glycogenesis
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
The Correct Answer is A
A. glycogenesis: Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles. When an endurance runner “carbo-loads,” she increases glycogen stores to provide a readily available energy source during prolonged exercise.
B. glycolysis: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate to produce ATP for immediate energy needs. It does not refer to storing glucose for future use, as occurs during carbo-loading.
C. gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol, typically occurring during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake, not during carbohydrate loading.
D. glycogenolysis: Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose to supply energy during fasting or exercise, which is the opposite of the storage process during carbo-loading.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. acetyl CoA:Acetyl CoA is a critical intermediate in cellular respiration that enters the Krebs cycle. However, it is not the primary fuel source but rather a product derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins.
B. protein:Proteins can be used for energy when carbohydrates and fats are scarce, but they are primarily reserved for structural and functional roles such as enzyme production and tissue repair. Their breakdown for energy is less efficient and not the main source of fuel.
C. glucose:Glucose is the body’s preferred and most readily available fuel for cellular respiration. It undergoes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP efficiently, making it the main energy substrate under normal conditions.
D. fat:Fats provide a large energy reserve and yield more ATP per molecule than glucose, but they must undergo beta-oxidation before entering respiration pathways. They are slower to mobilize and not considered the immediate source of fuel.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, lipolysis:Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and lipolysis is the breakdown of fats. Neither represents the complete oxidation of glucose for energy production.
B. glycogenesis, lipogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation of the electron transport chain:Glycogenesis and lipogenesis involve the storage of glucose and fat, respectively, rather than its breakdown for ATP production.
C. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation of the electron transport chain:Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm. The citric acid cycle oxidizes acetyl CoA derived from pyruvate, producing NADH and FADH₂. These coenzymes then donate electrons in the electron transport chain for oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP, completing glucose oxidation.
D. lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation:These processes involve the breakdown of fats and glycogen, not the full oxidation of glucose, so they do not represent the standard cellular respiration pathway.
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