The following is found during the assessment of a 1-month-old infant. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect a cardiac defect?
weight gain
hyperactivity
pink mucous membranes
poor nutritional intake
The Correct Answer is D
A. Weight gain is typically a sign of adequate nutrition and growth, not a concern for a cardiac defect.
B. Hyperactivity is not characteristic of infants, especially at 1 month of age, and is not a common sign of a cardiac issue in this age group.
C. Pink mucous membranes indicate adequate oxygenation, which does not suggest a cardiac defect.
D. Poor nutritional intake in an infant may signal an underlying cardiac defect, particularly if accompanied by fatigue with feeding, diaphoresis, or failure to thrive. Infants with congenital heart defects often have difficulty feeding due to increased energy expenditure and reduced oxygenation, making this a key red flag.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cochlear implants are used to treat sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Conductive hearing loss is usually treated with medical or surgical intervention, such as tubes or hearing aids.
B. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves cannot effectively reach the inner ear, often due to fluid, wax, or structural issues. Otitis media with effusion (fluid in the middle ear without infection) is a common cause of temporary conductive hearing loss in children.
C. Auditory nerve damage causes sensorineural hearing loss, not conductive.
D. While some hearing losses are inherited, conductive hearing loss is typically caused by external or middle ear problems, not genetic factors.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabilizer, not a corticosteroid. It is used for preventing asthma symptoms, but it is not a corticosteroid and is less commonly used now.
B. Levalbuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) and used as a rescue medication, not for long-term prevention.
C. Terbutaline is a beta-2 agonist and may be used for rescue or emergency use, especially in status asthmaticus, but not a corticosteroid or daily controller.
D. Budesonide (Pulmicort) is an inhaled corticosteroid used regularly as a controller medication to prevent asthma attacks by reducing airway inflammation. It is not used for acute relief, but rather for long-term management of asthma.
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