While teaching anticipatory guidance to a young couple with a child with Down syndrome, the nurse explains that one major physical characteristic of the child with Down syndrome is:

Excessive height

Spots on the palms

Hypotonic musculature

Inflexibility of the joints

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Children with Down syndrome typically exhibit short stature, not excessive height.
B. While children with Down syndrome may have a single transverse palmar crease, not "spots on the palms," this is not the most defining physical feature.
C. One of the hallmark physical characteristics of Down syndrome is hypotonia (low muscle tone). It often leads to delayed motor development, poor head control, and floppy posture in infancy.
D. Children with Down syndrome are more likely to have hyperflexible joints due to ligamentous laxity, not inflexibility.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Discipline is essential for all children, including those with disabilities. It provides structure, helps establish boundaries, promotes safety, and supports social development. The approach may need to be adapted to the child’s developmental level and abilities, but the need for consistent, positive discipline remains crucial.
B. Discipline should focus on positive reinforcement and teaching, not punishment. Punishment can be harmful, especially if not developmentally appropriate.
C. Discipline should be proactive, not reactive. Waiting until a child becomes problematic can lead to inconsistent and less effective outcomes.
D. While it may require more creativity and patience, discipline is not too difficult with special-needs children when it's tailored to their individual capabilities and needs.

A. The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is aortic stenosis. B. The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). C. The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is mitral valve regurgitation. D. The underlying cause of cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is a ventricular septal defect (VSD).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Aortic stenosis affects blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, but it is not a component of Tetralogy of Fallot.
B. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a separate congenital defect and not part of Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. Mitral valve regurgitation is related to left-sided heart valve dysfunction and is not a feature of this condition.
D. One of the four components of Tetralogy of Fallot is a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The VSD, along with pulmonary stenosis, leads to right-to-left shunting of deoxygenated blood, which bypasses the lungs and enters systemic circulation, causing cyanosis.

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While teaching anticipatory guidance to a young couple with a child with Down syndrome, the nurse explains that one major physical characteristic of the child with Down syndrome is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The parents of a child born with disabilities ask the nurse for advice about discipline. The nurse's response should be based on the knowledge that discipline is:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient is admitted to the hospital for heart surgery to have a Tetralogy of Fallot repair. The parents are asking the nurse to explain one of the underlying causes of their child's cyanosis. Nurse Lisa is correct in her explanation when she says:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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