The home health nurse visits a patient with multiple sclerosis who complains of severe fatigue. Select the nurse's best suggestion to help decrease their symptom of fatigue.

Relax in a hot bath before bedtime.

Perform deep breathing exercises every two hours.

Schedule short periods of rest throughout the day.

Include daily multivitamins in your diet.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Relaxing in a hot bath before bedtime is not the best suggestion to help decrease fatigue for a patient with multiple sclerosis. Heat can worsen the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, such as muscle weakness, numbness, and vision problems. Therefore, the patient should avoid hot baths, showers, or saunas, and use cool compresses or fans to lower their body temperature.

Choice B reason: Performing deep breathing exercises every two hours is not the best suggestion to help decrease fatigue for a patient with multiple sclerosis. Deep breathing can help reduce stress and anxiety, but it does not address the underlying causes of fatigue, such as inflammation, nerve damage, or sleep problems. Therefore, the patient should consult their doctor for appropriate treatment options and medication adjustments.

Choice C reason: Scheduling short periods of rest throughout the day is the best suggestion to help decrease fatigue for a patient with multiple sclerosis. Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom of multiple sclerosis, which can affect the patient's daily activities and quality of life. Therefore, the patient should plan their tasks according to their energy level, prioritize the most important ones, and take frequent breaks to conserve their energy and prevent exhaustion.

Choice D reason: Including daily multivitamins in your diet is not the best suggestion to help decrease fatigue for a patient with multiple sclerosis. Multivitamins can provide some nutritional benefits, but they are not a substitute for a balanced and healthy diet. Therefore, the patient should eat a variety of foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy, and avoid processed, fried, or sugary foods that can increase inflammation and fatigue.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: There is total absence of dopamine at receptors in brain cells controlling motor movement, causing Parkinson symptoms to appear, is not the correct statement. Parkinson disease is not caused by a complete lack of dopamine, but by a gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a part of the brain that regulates movement. The symptoms of Parkinson disease, such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, appear when about 80% of the dopamine neurons are lost.

Choice B reason: There is an excess of dopamine production and deficiency of acetylcholine production, is not the correct statement. Parkinson disease is not caused by an excess of dopamine, but by a deficiency of dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps to control movement, balance, and coordination. Acetylcholine is another neurotransmitter that works in opposition to dopamine. When dopamine is low, acetylcholine becomes dominant and causes abnormal muscle movements.

Choice C reason: There is a decreased production of dopamine and excess of acetylcholine, is the correct statement. Parkinson disease is caused by a decreased production of dopamine and excess of acetylcholine. This creates an imbalance in the neurotransmitters that regulate movement, leading to the characteristic symptoms of Parkinson disease, such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Choice D reason: There is a deterioration of the myelin sheath of the basal ganglia and the person has tremors, is not the correct statement. Parkinson disease is not caused by a deterioration of the myelin sheath, but by a degeneration of the dopamine neurons. Myelin is a fatty substance that covers the axons of the nerve cells and helps to transmit electrical impulses. The basal ganglia are a group of structures in the brain that are involved in movement, learning, and emotion. Tremors are one of the symptoms of Parkinson disease, but they are not the only or the most specific one.

A. Patient sways from side-to-side when standing with feet close together. B. Patient's pupils do not respond equally to direct light from a flashlight. C. Patient takes two attempts to touch their nose while their eyes are closed. D. Patient complains of mild dizziness.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:Swaying during a Romberg test indicates a positive result, suggesting proprioceptive deficits or sensory ataxia.

Choice B reason:Unequal pupil response to light relates to cranial nerve function, not balance assessed by the Romberg test.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Patient taking two attempts to touch their nose while their eyes are closed is a mild impairment of coordination, which may be due to neurologic changes or other factors such as fatigue or medication. This is not a significant finding that requires immediate attention.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Patient complaining of mild dizziness is a common symptom of neurologic changes or vestibular dysfunction. It is not a serious finding that requires immediate attention. The nurse should monitor the patient and provide comfort measures.

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The home health nurse visits a patient with multiple sclerosis who complains of severe fatigue. Select the nurse's best suggestion to help decrease their symptom of fatigue.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is explaining early changes with Parkinson disease to the student nurse. Which statement by the nurse is correct regarding the pathophysiology of the disease?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse completes a Romberg's test on a patient with neurologic changes. The nurse will notify the provider if they observe which response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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