Which early symptoms in a focused assessment by the nurse may indicate the presence of a brain tumor?

Sudden unconsciousness, unresponsiveness, and apnea.

Increased temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations.

Changes in vision and personality, and headache upon awakening.

Fever, increased white blood cell count, and decreased appetite.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Sudden unconsciousness, unresponsiveness, and apnea are not typical symptoms of a brain tumor. They are more likely to indicate a stroke, seizure, or cardiac arrest.

Choice B reason: Increased temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and respirations are not specific symptoms of a brain tumor. They are more likely to indicate an infection, inflammation, or stress.

Choice C reason: Changes in vision and personality, and headache upon awakening are common symptoms of a brain tumor. They are caused by the pressure of the tumor on the brain tissue and the cranial nerves.

Choice D reason: Fever, increased white blood cell count, and decreased appetite are not typical symptoms of a brain tumor. They are more likely to indicate a systemic infection or malignancy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: There is total absence of dopamine at receptors in brain cells controlling motor movement, causing Parkinson symptoms to appear, is not the correct statement. Parkinson disease is not caused by a complete lack of dopamine, but by a gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a part of the brain that regulates movement. The symptoms of Parkinson disease, such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, appear when about 80% of the dopamine neurons are lost.

Choice B reason: There is an excess of dopamine production and deficiency of acetylcholine production, is not the correct statement. Parkinson disease is not caused by an excess of dopamine, but by a deficiency of dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps to control movement, balance, and coordination. Acetylcholine is another neurotransmitter that works in opposition to dopamine. When dopamine is low, acetylcholine becomes dominant and causes abnormal muscle movements.

Choice C reason: There is a decreased production of dopamine and excess of acetylcholine, is the correct statement. Parkinson disease is caused by a decreased production of dopamine and excess of acetylcholine. This creates an imbalance in the neurotransmitters that regulate movement, leading to the characteristic symptoms of Parkinson disease, such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Choice D reason: There is a deterioration of the myelin sheath of the basal ganglia and the person has tremors, is not the correct statement. Parkinson disease is not caused by a deterioration of the myelin sheath, but by a degeneration of the dopamine neurons. Myelin is a fatty substance that covers the axons of the nerve cells and helps to transmit electrical impulses. The basal ganglia are a group of structures in the brain that are involved in movement, learning, and emotion. Tremors are one of the symptoms of Parkinson disease, but they are not the only or the most specific one.

A. Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin. B. Increased erythrocyte count C. Normochromic red blood cells D. Decreased thrombocytes.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin indicate anemia, which is a condition where the blood does not carry enough oxygen to the tissues. This can cause symptoms such as confusion, restlessness, fatigue, and weakness in older adults.

Choice B reason: Increased erythrocyte count, or polycythemia, is a condition where the blood has too many red blood cells. This can cause the blood to become thick and viscous, which can impair blood flow and oxygen delivery. However, this is not the best explanation for the patient's confusion and restlessness, as polycythemia usually causes symptoms such as headache, dizziness, itching, and flushing.

Choice C reason: Normochromic red blood cells are red blood cells that have a normal color and hemoglobin content. This is not a finding that would explain the patient's confusion and restlessness, as it indicates a normal red blood cell function.

Choice D reason: Decreased thrombocytes, or platelets, are blood cells that help with clotting. This is a finding that would increase the risk of bleeding, but not the risk of confusion and restlessness. Decreased thrombocytes can cause symptoms such as bruising, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and petechiae.

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Which early symptoms in a focused assessment by the nurse may indicate the presence of a brain tumor?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is explaining early changes with Parkinson disease to the student nurse. Which statement by the nurse is correct regarding the pathophysiology of the disease?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for an older adult who is confused and restless. The nurse reviews the patient's history and recent complete blood count (CBC). Which finding may best explain the patient's confusion and restlessness?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The daughter of an older adult asks the nurse why her father seems to have so many respiratory infections despite receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Select the nurse's best response.

An older adult is admitted to the hospital following a closed head injury from a fall that resulted in a 5-minute period of unconsciousness. Which priority nursing assessment indicates neurological deterioration in the patient?

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The nurse is assisting the neurologist with a lumbar puncture on a patient with possible meningitis. Which post-procedure teaching point is the highest priority for the patient?

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