The least common cause of long. difficult, or abnormal labor (dystocia) is:

Midplane contracture of the pelvis

Disproportion of the pelvis.

Low-lying placenta

Compromised bearing-down efforts as a result of pain medication

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Midplane contracture of the pelvis. Pelvic contractures can lead to dystocia by restricting the fetal head's descent. A midplane contracture narrows the pelvic midsection, making labor prolonged and difficult. This is a common cause of dystocia.

B. Disproportion of the pelvis. Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), where the fetal head is too large for the maternal pelvis, is a well-known cause of dystocia. It often results in prolonged labor, failure to progress, and the need for cesarean delivery.

C. Low-lying placenta. A low-lying placenta does not directly cause dystocia. Instead, it may lead to placenta previa, which often requires cesarean delivery before labor even begins. Since it does not typically cause prolonged or difficult labor, it is the least common cause of dystocia.

D. Compromised bearing-down efforts as a result of pain medication. Excessive pain medication, especially epidurals or narcotics, can weaken maternal pushing efforts, leading to prolonged second-stage labor. This is a recognized cause of dystocia, particularly in multiparous women.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "An ectopic pregnancy does not need major treatment and can be delivered vaginally." This statement is incorrect. An ectopic pregnancy involves the fertilized ovum implanting outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube, which poses serious risks to the mother. The pregnancy cannot be carried to term, and it requires prompt medical intervention, such as medication or surgery, to prevent life-threatening complications.
B. "An ectopic pregnancy involves a fertilized ovum outside the uterus that cannot be transferred to the uterus." This is an accurate explanation of an ectopic pregnancy. The fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes, and cannot develop into a viable pregnancy. The condition requires immediate treatment to prevent tube rupture and internal bleeding.
C. "An ectopic pregnancy involves a cancerous fertilized ovum in either fallopian tube." This is incorrect. An ectopic pregnancy is not cancerous. It refers to a pregnancy where the fertilized ovum implants in an abnormal location outside the uterus, most commonly the fallopian tubes, not involving cancerous growth.
D. "An ectopic pregnancy involves a fertilized ovum in the vagina." This statement is incorrect. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, but it does not implant in the vagina. The condition most commonly involves the fallopian tubes but can also occur in other locations such as the cervix, ovary, or abdominal cavity.

A. Induction of labor with intravenous oxytocin. B. An emergency cesarean section C. In-hospital fetal monitoring for 48 hours D. Discharge home on strict bed rest

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Induction of labor with intravenous oxytocin. Induction is contraindicated in cases of abruptio placentae with a Category III fetal heart rate tracing, as labor induction can worsen fetal distress and maternal bleeding. An immediate cesarean section is the safest intervention to prevent fetal and maternal complications.

B. An emergency cesarean section. A Category III fetal heart rate tracing with minimal variability and a prolonged deceleration indicates severe fetal distress, requiring immediate delivery. Partial abruptio placentae can cause fetal hypoxia, maternal hemorrhage, and potential fetal demise. The priority is an emergency cesarean section to ensure the best outcome for both mother and baby.

C. In-hospital fetal monitoring for 48 hours. Continuous monitoring is essential in cases of mild abruptio placentae without fetal distress, but in this case, a Category III tracing indicates an immediate threat to the fetus, making waiting inappropriate.

D. Discharge home on strict bed rest. Abruptio placentae is a serious obstetric emergency, and home management is never appropriate when fetal distress is present. Immediate intervention is necessary to prevent fetal and maternal complications.

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The least common cause of long. difficult, or abnormal labor (dystocia) is:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has been admitted to the emergency department with a suspected diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. How should the nurse explain this condition to the patient?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client at 35 weeks' gestation is admitted with a partial abruptio placenta and a Category III fetal heart rate tracing with minimal variability and a prolonged deceleration. The nurse anticipates a plan of care for this client that includes most importantly:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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