The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?

Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying.

Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity.

Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine.

Increases insulin production from the pancreas.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale: Metformin does not significantly affect insulin release from the pancreas or glucagon secretion but reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues.

Choice B rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's response to insulin, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.

Choice C rationale: Metformin does not notably slow carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.

Choice D rationale: Metformin does not directly increase insulin production from the pancreas.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: A client with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may have gastroenteritis, food poisoning, or appendicitis, which are not directly related to the eyes.

Choice B rationale: A client with chest tightness and heartburn may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), angina, or myocardial infarction (MI), which are also not associated with the eyes.

Choice C rationale: A client with facial drooping and left-sided weakness may have a stroke, which is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. An eye examination can help detect signs of stroke, such as pupil asymmetry, visual field defects, or eye movement abnormalities. A stroke can cause permanent brain damage or death if not treated promptly.

Choice D rationale: A client with fatigue, fever, and productive cough may have a respiratory infection, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, which are unlikely to affect the eyes unless there is a systemic complication.

A. Perform active range of motion three times daily. B. Maintain the head of bed in a flat or 30 degree position. C. Teach measures to avoid the Valsalva maneuver. D. Monitor for Battle's sign every four hours.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Performing active range of motion exercises may not be safe or appropriate immediately following a hemorrhagic stroke.

Choice B rationale: Maintaining the head of bed flat or at a 30-degree position might be used for ischemic strokes but not necessarily for hemorrhagic strokes.

Choice C rationale: Teaching measures to avoid the Valsalva maneuver (straining during activities like defecation) helps prevent sudden increases in intracranial pressure, which can be detrimental after a hemorrhagic stroke.

Choice D rationale: Monitoring for Battle's sign (bruising behind the ears associated with basilar skull fracture) is not relevant in the care of a hemorrhagic stroke.

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The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which client should receive the pictured examination first?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with a hemorrhagic stroke. Which nursing action should be included in the plan of care?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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